No.25 - Japanese Field Artillery.pdf

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U. S. Army Mil
UJNCLASSIFIED
SPECIAL SERIES NUMBER 25
.
S OCTOBER 1944
JAPANESE
FIELD ARTILLERY
MILITARY
INTELLIGENCE
DIVISION
WAR DEPARTMENT
WASHINGTON, D. C.
United States Government Printing Office
Washington: rg44
UNCIASSIFIED
PLERTY OF US ARMY,
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MILITARY INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
SPECIAL SERIES
WAR DEPARTMENT
No. 25
WASHINGTON 25, D. C. 15 October 1944.
MID 461
NOTICE
1. Special Series is published for the purpose of providing officers with
reasonably confirmed information from official and other reliable sources.
2. Reproduction within the military service is encouraged provided that
(1) the source is stated, (2) the classification is maintained, and (3) one
copy of the publication in which the material is reproduced is forwarded
to the Military Intelligence Division, War Department, Washington 25,
D. C.
ii
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CONTENTS
Page
SECTION I. ORGANIZATION.
1
1. GENERAL-
.__._____-_-_-_-_. ...
.. 1
1
a. Command 1
b. The Standard Artillery Regiment (Horse-drawn) ------------------ 1
c. The Standard Artillery Regiment (Motorized) .......................... 4
d. The Mountain Artillery (Pack) Regiment ---------------------------
.___.
e. The Mixed Artillery Regiment -------------------------------
4
f. Artillery in the Strengthened Division ------------------------------
4
g. The Medium Artillery Battalion ------------------------------
5
3. HEAVY ARTILLERY --_--------------------------------------
------------
5
4. OBSERVATION (IrNTELLIGENCE) REGIMENTS-__-_----_----_-------------------
5
a. General --------------------------------
5
b. The Observation (Intelligence) Regiment .-------------------------
6
II. BASIC DOCTRINE ----------------------------
7
5. RELATION OF ARTILLERY TO INFANTRY--___-_______-_____-------------------
7
a. Offensive___
-
7
b. Defensive -.............................
7
c. Application to Artillery -.- -
--
--
--
--
8
6. FORWARD EMPLACEMENT_ .__
.
...
.
.
.................----------------------
8
a. General --------------------------------
8
b. Jungle Fighting -
.-
8
c. The Meeting Engagement -
...
.
9
d. Use of Terrain -................................
9
e. Defensive Dispositions -10
7. CONCLUSIONS -----------------------------------------------------------
10
8. TRENDS: INCREASE OF FIRE POWER---_.___-.____-.-.-..-------------------
10
III. APPLIED TACTICS
----------------------------------------
---------
12
9. OFFENSIVSE ------------------------------------------------------------.
12
a. The Advance Guard-.---
_
12
b. Reconnaissance --------
12
c. Choice of Positions
….-.…...............-
13
d. Meeting Engagement-Coordinated Attack ----------------------------
13
c. Attack of Position ---------------------------------------------------
14
f. Weaknesses of Japanese Attacks of Position_
15
g. Night Attacks -15
h. Pursuit -16
i. Offensive Tactics in the Jungle --------------------------------------
16
10. DEFENSIVE
__-_______-__.-._________________
_.------------------------
17
a. General -17
b. Command -.............................................
17
c. Defensive Artillery Positions ----------------------------------------
18
d. Types and Methods of Fire -----------------------------------
18
e. Defense in the Jungle -...
18
f. Raiding Parties -------------------------------------------
18
g. Delaying Actions and Withdrawals ----------------------------
19
h. Retreat -
20
i. Field Artillery in Coast Defense ----------------------------
20
11. CHARACTERISTICS OFJAPANEsE ARTILLERY FIRE -.- -------------
20
a. In the Philippines and Guadalcanal -............................
20
b. In Bougainville Operations- .
...--
21
c. In Burma -.------------------------------------------------
21
d. On Saipan -24
e. Counterbattery ---------------------------------------------------
25
iii
2. DrVIsION ARTILLERY--____
4
..
s
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CONTENTS-Continued
Page
- - ---- 26
12. CONSTRUCTION OP JAPANESE FIELD ARTILLERY MATRIEL ------------ - -------- 26
13. SUMMARY ESTIMATE OPJAPANESE ARTILLERY MATERIEL ------------- - -------- 29
a. Light Weight. -------------------------------- 29
b. Other Factors -------------------------------- 32
14. DESCRIPTION OFJAPANESB FIELD ARTILLERY ------------------ - ------------ 32
a. Model 38 (1905) 75-mm Gun Improved ------------------------------ 32
b. Model 90 (1930) 75-mm Gun ..--------------------------------------- 33
c. Model 88 (1928) 75-mm AA Gun -------------------------------- - 37
d. Model 94 (1934) 75-mm Mountain Gun ---------------------------- 42
e. Model 41 (1908) 75-mm Cavalry Gun --------------------------------- 45
f. Model 95 (1935) 75-mm Gun ----------------------------------- - 46
g. Model 91 (1931) 105-mm Howitzer ------------------------------ - 49
h. Model 14(1925) 105-mm Gun ------------------------------------ 50
i. Model 92 (1932) 105-mm Gun ----------------------------------- _ 50
i. Model 4 (1915) 150-mm Howitzer ------------------------------ _ 58
Model 96 (1936) 150-mm Howitzer ------------------------------ - 64
1. Heavy Artillery ----------------------------- - 69
(1) Model 89 (1929) o50-mm gun -.------------------------- 69
(2) Other heavy artillery-....................................... 70
m. Obsolete or Obsolescent Equipment ----------------------- ---------- 74
n. Fire-control Equipment ----------------------------------------------
78
(1) On-carriagefire control ---------------------------------------
78
(2) Operationof on-carriagefire control-- -------------
-
80
(3) Off-carriageequipment --------------------------------------------
81
o. Ammunition Charts.--------------------------------
86
V. OPERATIONAL DETAILS OF JAPANESE ARTILLERY ----------------
89
15. DISASSEMBLY AND OPERATION OP THE MODEL 94 (1934) 75-MM MOUNTAIN GUN__
89
a. Disassembly ----------------------------
89
b. Disassembly of Breech Mechanism ------------------------------
95
c. Preparing for Action ---------------------------------
96
16. RECOIL AND COUNTERRECOIL SYSTEMS-
_---_____-
_--------------------
.----
98
a. General
................................
b. Model 94 (1934) 75-mm Howitzer Recoil Mechanism ----------------
_ 99
c. Model 88 (1928) 75-mm Antiaircraft Gun ------------------------------
103
d. Model 92 (1932) 105-mm Gun -------------------.-----------------
106
e. Model 4 (1915) 150-mm Howitzer.-.........................
_
108
ILLUSTRATIONS
FRONT COVER: The stylized canon on the cover are symboas or special types of Japanese
artillery units. The symbols indicate (left to right) mountain artillery, heavy artillery and
Taiwan (Formosa) mountain artillery. Ordinary field artillery is distinguished only by
color of arm (yellow). The symbols are worn on the coat collar behind insignia of rank.
Figure
Page
1. The Standard Artillery Regiment (Horse-drawn) --------------------------
- 2
2. The Motorized Field Artillery Regiment -................................
2
3. Part of a motorized 105-mm gun battery --------------------------------
2
4. The Mountain Artillery (pack) Regiment -----------------------------------
3
5. The Mixed Artillery Regiment -..............................
3
6. Model 92 (1932) 105-mm gun in position---------------------------
3
7. (1) Model 95 (1935) 75-mm gun; (2) Model 95 (1935) 75-mm gun; (3) Model 91
(1931) 105-mm howitzer; (4) Model 88(1928) 75-mm antiaircraft gun --------- 22
8. Partially camouflaged Model 4 (1915) 150-mm howitzer -.------- _--------- 24
9. Model 38 (1905) 75-mm gun improved, left side --------------------------------- 30
10. Model 38 (1905) 75-mm gun improved, right side--------------------------- _ 30
11. Model 38 (1905) 75-mm gun improved, showing equilibrators -----------------
30
12. Breech of Model 38 (1905) 75-mm gun improved, left side --------------------
31
13. Breech of Model 38 (1905) 75-mm gun improved, right side.-.----------------
31
14. Model 90(1930) 75-mm gun horse-drawn. Insert shows gun limbered ---------
34
15. Battery of motorized Model 90 (1930) 75-mm guns in action in China ----------
35
iv
IV. EQUIPMENT ----------------------------------------------
98
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