Insecticides Design Using Advanced Technologies.pdf

Insecticides Design Using Advanced Technologies

Isaac Ishaaya

Ralf Nauen

A. Rami Horowitz (Eds.)

Insecticides Design

Using

Advanced Technologies

With 62 Figures, 9 in Color, and 32 Tables

Prof. Dr. Isaac Ishaaya

Department of Entomology

Agricultural Research Organization

The Volcani Center

Bet Dagan 50250

Israel

e-mail: vpisha@volcani.agri.gov.il

Prof. Dr. A. Rami Horowitz

Department of Entomology

Agricultural Research Organization

Gilat Research Center

M.P. Negev 85280

Israel

e-mail: hrami@volcani.agri.gov.il

Dr. Ralf Nauen

Bayer CropScience AG

Research Insecticides Biology

Alfred-Nobel Str. 50

40789 Monheim

Germany

e-mail: ralf.nauen@bayercropscience.com

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006934371

ISBN-10: 3-540-46904-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

ISBN-13: 978-3-540-46904-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

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Preface

Insecticide development in recent years has been guided mostly by chemora-

tional and biorational design based on understanding of the physiology and

ecology of insects and crops. Among the recently developed groups of insec-

ticides are the chitin synthesis inhibitors, benzoylphenyl urea’s and bupro-

fezin; the juvenile hormone mimics, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen; the

ecdysone agonists, e.g. tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide; and the new neu-

rotoxicants, the neonicotinoids and the avermectins. In addition, compounds

affecting specific sites in insects have been developed; such as pymetrozine

acting on the sucking pump of aphids and whiteflies, diafenthiuron affecting

insect respiration and azadirachtin the hormonal balance of insects.

A limitation in each new class of compounds is the evolution of resistance

in populations of key pests, which leads to control failures. This phenomenon

and the desire to produce more selective and biorational compounds serve as

the driving forces for insecticide design that ultimately lead to the develop-

ment of new compounds.

Among the highlights of this book are the use of nanotechnology to increase

potency of available insecticides, use of genetic engineering techniques for con-

trolling insect pests, development of novel insecticides that bind to unique

biochemical receptors, and exploration of natural products as a source for

environmentally acceptable insecticides. In addition, screening for safe and

potent insecticides using insect genomics and cell lines for determining biolog-

ical and biochemical modes of action are discussed in detail in this book.

The authors of the various chapters are considered world leaders having a

wealth of experience in pesticide chemistry and in advanced technologies for

designing highly selective insecticides for controlling insect pests.

This book is intended to serve as a text for researchers, university profes-

sors, graduate students, and chemical industry personnel involved in devel-

oping new groups of insecticides to suit our future requirements.

In the preparation of the manuscript, the editors and the authors are

indebted to the reviewers of the various chapters for valuable suggestions and

criticism: Shalom Applebaum (Israel), Jeff Bloomquist (USA), Kostas

Bourtzis (Greece), Gerry Brooks (England), Nor Chejanovski (Israel), Daniel

Daffonchio (Italy), Arnold De Loof (Belgium), C. L. Goodman (USA), Robert

Hollingworth (USA), Dick Hyde (England), Shinzo Kagabu (Japan), Opender

Koul (India), Peter Krell (Canada), Yoshiaki Nakagawa (Japan), Herbert

Oberlander (USA), Arthur Retnakaran (Canada), L. Swevers (Greece),

Michael Tracy (USA), and Phyllis Weintraub (Israel).

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