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Technical Information
Terminology and Symbols
in Control Engineering
1
Technical Information
Part 1:
Fundamentals
Part 2:
Self-operated Regulators
Part 3:
Control Valves
Part 4:
Communication
Part 5:
Building Automation
Part 6:
Process Automation
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Part 1 × L101 EN
Terminology and Symbols in
Control Engineering
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Terminology in Control Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Open loop control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Closed loop control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Control loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Abbreviations of variables relating to closed loop control. . . . . . . . . 10
Symbols in Control Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Signal flow diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Blocks and lines of action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Device-related representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Instrumentation and control tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Control Systems and Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fixed set point control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Follow-up control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Cascade control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Ratio control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Appendix A1: Additional Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3
Fundamentals × Terminology and Symbols in Control Engineering
Preface
The technical informations presented in this document are based on defini-
tions according to DIN, the German organization of standardization (Deut-
sches Institut für Normung). Continuous efforts are being made to determine
international definitions in order to achieve an increasing similarity in the ter-
minology used. Nevertheless, differences in designations and representa-
tions do exist in international use. Literature presented at the end of this
document includes international standards and publications relating to DIN
standards, or being derived from them.
Representations and text sections referring to DIN are often cited in short
form, summarizing the contents. The precise facts must always be read - also
because of possible extensions or amendments - in the current edition of the
respective standard.
4
Part 1 × L101 EN
Introduction
Planning, design and start-up of process control systems require clear and
unambiguous communication between all parts involved. To ensure this, we
need a clear definition of the terms used and as far as the documentation is
concerned standardized graphical symbols. These symbols help us
represent control systems or measurement and control tasks as well as their
device-related solution in a simple and clear manner.
5
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