(gardening) Water Gardens - Aquatic Plants.pdf

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Water Gardens: Aquatic Plants

Planting Methods

Water plants are typically planted in pockets, crates,

or containers to contain the soil.

For More Information

Horticultural information on selection, planting,

cultural practices, and environmental quality is

available from your local Iowa State University

Extension office and from these Web sites.

Pockets can be created during construction and

used for all water plants. Pockets around the pool

edge can hold marginal plants. Pockets on the

bottom of the pond can be used for water lilies

and other deeper water plants. Plants eventually

outgrow the pockets.

Eastern Iowa Pond Society—

www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/3938/

Water

Central Iowa Water Garden Association—

www.ciwga.org

Gardens:

Crates or containers are commonly used for most

water garden plants and offer flexibility in plant

arrangements. They also are easily replaced when

plants outgrow them. Regular top soil (without

organic matter) should be used. Crates with open

slats and plastic pots with holes in the bottom

should be lined with landscape fabric or untreated

burlap. Plastic pots that do not have bottom holes

also can be used.

ISU Extension Publications—

www.extension.iastate.edu/pubs/

Aquatic

ISU Horticulture—

www.yardandgarden.extension.iastate.edu

Northern Iowa Association of Pond and Water

Gardeners—

www.bio.uni.edu/outreach/ponds/

Reiman Gardens—

www.reimangardens.iastate.edu

If you want to learn more about horticulture

through training and volunteer work, ask your

ISU Extension office for information about the

ISU Extension Master Gardener program.

Plants

Fertilizing Plants

Most aquatic plants are heavy feeders and need

fertilizing when planted and during the growing

season. Aquatic plant fertilizers are available in

three forms.

• liquid —added directly to the water

for floating plants

• tablets —added during growing season

• granular —added when potting plants

Prepared by Cindy Haynes, extension horticulturist;

Jamie Beyer, Iowa master gardener; Rachel Volesky,

horticulture student; and Diane Nelson, extension

communication specialist. Illustrations by Jane Lenahan,

Instructional Technology Center.

Follow label directions for suggested amounts.

Water Garden Design Tips

• Notice the water features in the natural

landscape and at public gardens. What design

ideas do you like? What plants do well in

your area? What plants do well together?

• Include plants from all categories;

proper plant selection is vital

to the garden’s success.

File: Hort and LA 2-1

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and

June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Stanley R. Johnson, director, Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State

University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa.

6/04

. . . and justice for all

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all

its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin,

gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and

marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.)

Many materials can be made available in alternative formats for ADA

clients. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil

Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue,

SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964.

• Follow planting

directions to promote

plant survival.

RG 604 April 2003

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ater sustains life in the garden and often

becomes the center of attraction when added to

a yard or garden. Starting a water garden—even

one as simple as a large container of water—also

expands the gardener’s choice of possible plants

to be enjoyed.

Submerged Plants

Also called oxygenators, these plants grow under

water. Submerged plants are usually sold as

unrooted cuttings and take time to become

established. They provide food and cover for fish

and also help rid the pond of algae by absorbing

excess nutrients in the water.

Examples include the following (all can be left in

place over Iowa winters, except parrot’s feather,

which should be moved below ice level):

• Arrowhead ( Sagittaria spp.)

• Cattail ( Typha spp.)

• Cardinal flower ( Lobelia spp.)

• Marsh marigold ( Caltha palustris )

• Parrot’s feather ( Myriophyllum aquatica )

• Water iris ( Iris laevigata)

• Water plantain ( Alisma )

• Yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus )

Plant Selection

Space is limited in most water gardens so each plant

should have a purpose—to add color, to add height,

or to help deter algae. Using a variety of plants adds

visual interest, as well as improving the health of the

water garden.

This group of plants can free float on the water

surface or be planted in pots that are sunk to the

bottom of ponds. Do not be alarmed if fish feed on

the plants; they can regrow quickly, so no serious

harm is done.

Deep Water Plants

More than one gardener has added a water feature

simply to enjoy the group of sun-loving plants that

can survive with 4 to 10 or more inches of water

over the plant’s crown.

Examples include the following:

• Canadian pondweed ( Elodea )

• Hornwort ( Ceratophyllum )

Caution: If given the right conditions, most water

plants can spread rapidly.

Floating Plants

Plants that float on the water’s surface survive

without soil by extracting nutrients from the water.

Because they act as natural filters to remove excess

nitrogen from the water, they also help control algal

growth. Some gardeners compare the use of floating

plants in water gardens with the use of ground-

covers or annuals around larger perennials or shrubs.

Shallow Marginal Plants

Also known as bog plants, these plants can

survive with up to 3 inches of water over the

plant crown. Marginal or bog plants add color

and height to any shape of water garden. They

also help blend an inground pool into the

surrounding yard. Depending on the water

garden design, these plants can be planted in

pots set on underwater shelves, or they can be

planted directly in soil around a

pond or stream.

Waterlilies and lotus may be the best known of

the group, but all provide contrast in the garden

through floating leaves, upright spikes, and/or

attention-grabbing flowers. Water lily and lotus

leaves also provide shade for fish as well as shading

out algae that would cloud the water. In a well-

established pool, 40 to 50 percent of the surface

area should be covered with leaves.

Examples include the following:

• Duckweed ( Lemna )

• Fairy moss ( Azolla )

• Water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes )

• Water lettuce ( Pistia stratiotes )

Follow plant instructions when planting any

of these deep-water choices. Fountains inhibit

water lily growth, so place these plants away from

fountain sprays. Leaves and flowers are constantly

replaced and should be removed when dead or

dying to reduce the amount of organic matter that

can feed algae.

iris water lettuce hardy water lily hornwort lotus miniature cattail

Examples include the following (all should be

moved below ice level, except tropical and Victoria

water lilies, which should be brought inside or

discarded on the compost pile):

• Dwarf or miniature water lily ( Nymphaea spp.)

• Golden club (Orontium aquaticum)

• Hardy water lily ( Nymphaea spp.)

• Lotus ( Nelumbo spp.)

• Tropical water lily ( Nymphaea spp.)

• Victoria lily ( Victoria spp . )

• Yellow pondlily ( Nuphar lutea )

W

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