Avalanche Awareness Guide.pdf

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Avalanche Awareness Guide
We hope you never have to use our equipment in a real avalanche.
Please take an avalanche course and remember the following tips.
Planning and Preparation
Route Options
Have appropriate objectives and options in place prior to the trip. Discuss your ideal,
safer, and safest trip options.
What if I’m Caught in an Avalanche?
1. Yell so other people hear and see you.
2. If possible, stay on your sled and ride to the side of the moving snow.
3. Fight with all of your effort to stay on the surface.
4. As the snow slows, try to thrust a hand upward above the snow surface.
5. Before the snow stops, try to clear an air space in front of your face.
6. If buried, do not panic! Stay calm and try to relax.
Transceiver Searching
1. Signal Search
Performed when no signal has been detected, starting
at the last-seen-area. If there is no last-seen-area,
search the entire debris pile for the victim. With multiple
searchers, spread out no more than 20 meters apart. If
alone, make switchbacks no more than 20 meters apart,
10 meters from each side. Move fast, always looking for
clues on the surface.
Time Plan
Evaluate time required to get to various points on your trip. Assess hazards that increase
with time and adjust your start time accordingly.
Rescue Plans
Discuss who has training in rescue in your group and who doesn’t. Appoint a leader.
1
Signal Search
Emergency Gear
Beacon (checked at the trailhead), extra batteries, shovel, probe, avalanche airbag,
cell phone, map/compass, headlamp, along with basic winter gear.
10m
10m
20m
20m
Know the Hazard
Check your local avalanche forecast before heading out and know what the avalanche
danger scale means.
N
2. Coarse Search
Once the signal is detected, use your directional lights
and distance display to follow the victim’s signal. This will
often be curved. Move as fast as possible until you reach
a distance of about three meters from the victim.
Low
Moderate
Considerable
High
Extreme
Pockets of next danger level
2
Coarse Search
U.S. www.avalanche.org
Canada www.avalanche.ca
Europe www.lawinen.org
W
E
3. Fine Search
Slow down and pay close attention to your distance
readings; directional arrows are less important. Get your
beacon as close as possible to the snow surface. Once
the lowest distance reading is found, search along the
perpendicular axis for an even lower reading. When the
lowest reading is conirmed, don’t hesitate. Start probing!
Terrain Selection
• Is the terrain appropriate for the group and the conditions?
• Stay away from terrain traps like gullies and steep cliffs.
• Remember that avalanches mainly happen on slopes between 30 and 45 degrees.
S
3
Fine Search
single searcher
search path
multiple searchers
search paths
Proper Travel Techniques
• Cross potentially dangerous terrain one at a time.
• Identify and practice stopping in safe zones.
• Have an escape route in mind if the slope does avalanche.
• Communicate with your partners before moving on to the slope.
Multiple Burial Search
Complex multiple burials are quite rare in recreational settings and usually can
be treated as a series of single burials. For more information on multiple burial
statistics and technique, see www.backcountryaccess.com/education.
Probing
From your lowest distance reading, probe 10 inches (25 cm)apart in
concentric circles. Probe should be perpendicular to the snow surface.
After striking the victim, leave probe in place and start shoveling just
downhill.
Shoveling
Shoveling is exhausting and consumes the majority of time during
an avalanche rescue. For best results, make the hole about one
“wingspan” wide and excavate downhill from the probe about 1.5
times the burial depth (note depth marking on probe to determine
this distance). In deep burials (≥ 2 meters) extra shovelers should be
used to remove snow from the hole.
Human Factors: Avoid the errors groups often make
• Recreating at an area that’s been visited without incident before and feeling conident
in its stability.
• Not speaking out or communicating concerns about a route or slope, fearing conlict.
• Being overconident in the group’s abilities.
• Determination to reach a destination without re-evaluating terrain and conditions
Observations
Be aware of these ive “red lags” for instability:
1. Recent or current avalanche activity.
2. Whoomping noises or shooting cracks while traveling on moderately angled slopes.
3. Recent or current heavy snowfall.
4. High winds depositing wind slabs on lee slopes.
5. Rapid warming temperatures or rainfall.
90˚ 0˝ 0˝
25 CM 25 CM
1.5 x
burial depth
For more information, please visit www.backcountryaccess.com/education
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