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HEADQUARTERS
FM 3-22.68
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
CREW-SERVED MACHINE GUNS,
5.56-mm AND 7.62-mm
M249, 5.56-MM MACHINE GUN
M60, 7.62-MM MACHINE GUN
M240B, 7.62-MM MACHINE GUN
JANUARY 2003
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION
:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
*FM 3-22.68
FIELD MANUAL
HEADQUARTERS
No. 3-22.68
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Washington, DC, 31 January 2003
CREW-SERVED MACHINE GUNS,
5.56-mm AND 7.62-mm
CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE
......................................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER 1. M249 MACHINE GUN
Section
I. Description and Components................................................................ 1-1
1-1. Description................................................................................ 1-1
1-2. Components .............................................................................. 1-3
1-3. Ammunition.............................................................................. 1-5
1-4. Blank Firing Attachment .......................................................... 1-8
Section
II. Maintenance.......................................................................................... 1-9
1-5. Clearing Procedures.................................................................. 1-9
1-6. General Disassembly .............................................................. 1-11
1-7. Inspection................................................................................ 1-16
1-8. Cleaning, Lubrication, and Preventive Maintenance.............. 1-18
1-9. General Assembly................................................................... 1-21
1-10. Function Check....................................................................... 1-24
1-11. Maintenance Procedures......................................................... 1-25
1-12.
Maintenance During Nuclear, Biological, Chemical
Conditions............................................................................... 1-25
Section
III. Operation and Function ...................................................................... 1-25
1-13. Operation ................................................................................ 1-25
1-14. Loading................................................................................... 1-26
1-15. Unloading ............................................................................... 1-27
1-16. Cycle of Functioning .............................................................. 1-27
1-17. Sights ...................................................................................... 1-29
1-18. M122 Tripod........................................................................... 1-31
1-19. Dismounting from the M122 Tripod ...................................... 1-33
1-20. Bipod Operations.................................................................... 1-33
1-21. Vehicular Mount..................................................................... 1-34
1-22. Tripod Positioning .................................................................. 1-34
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION
: Approved for public release; distribution is
unlimited.
*This publication supersedes FM23-67, 29 February1984 and FM23-14,
26 January 1994.
i
FM 3-22.68
Page
Section
IV. Performance Problems and Destruction ............................................. 1-34
1-23. Malfunctions........................................................................... 1-34
1-24. Stoppages................................................................................ 1-35
1-25. Immediate Action ................................................................... 1-37
1-26. Remedial Action ..................................................................... 1-38
1-27. Destruction Procedures........................................................... 1-38
CHAPTER 2. M60 MACHINE GUN
Section
I. Description and Components................................................................ 2-1
2-1. Description................................................................................ 2-1
2-2. Components .............................................................................. 2-3
2-3. Ammunition.............................................................................. 2-6
2-4. Blank Firing Attachments, M13 and M13A ............................. 2-7
Section
II. Maintenance.......................................................................................... 2-9
2-5. Clearing Procedures.................................................................. 2-9
2-6. General Disassembly .............................................................. 2-10
2-7. Inspection................................................................................ 2-16
2-8. Cleaning, Lubrication, and Preventive Maintenance.............. 2-17
2-9. General Assembly................................................................... 2-19
2-10. Function Check....................................................................... 2-21
2-11. Maintenance Procedures......................................................... 2-22
2-12.
Maintenance During Nuclear, Biological, Chemical
Conditions............................................................................... 2-22
Section III. Operation and Function .......................................................... 2-22
2-13. Operation ................................................................................ 2-22
2-14. Loading................................................................................... 2-22
2-15. Unloading…. .......................................................................... 2-23
2-16. Cycle of Functioning .............................................................. 2-23
2-17. Sights ...................................................................................... 2-25
2-18. M122 Tripod........................................................................... 2-26
2-19. Bipod Operations.................................................................... 2-28
2-20. Vehicular Mount..................................................................... 2-29
2-21. Tripod Position ....................................................................... 2-30
Section
IV. Performance Problems and Destruction ............................................. 2-30
2-22. Malfunctions........................................................................... 2-30
2-23. Stoppages................................................................................ 2-31
2-24. Immediate Action ................................................................... 2-32
2-25. Remedial Action ..................................................................... 2-33
2-26. Destruction Procedures........................................................... 2-34
CHAPTER 3. M240B MACHINE GUN
Section
I. Description and Components................................................................ 3-1
3-1. Description................................................................................ 3-1
3-2. Components .............................................................................. 3-3
3-3. Ammunition.............................................................................. 3-5
3-4. Ammunition Adapter................................................................ 3-6
ii
FM 3-22.68
Page
3-5. Blank Firing Attachment .......................................................... 3-7
Section
II. Maintenance.......................................................................................... 3-9
3-6. Clearing Procedures.................................................................. 3-9
3-7. General Disassembly .............................................................. 3-11
3-8. Inspection................................................................................ 3-18
3-9. Cleaning, Lubrication, and Preventive Maintenance.............. 3-20
3-10. General Assembly................................................................... 3-24
3-11. Function Check....................................................................... 3-27
3-12. Maintenance Procedures......................................................... 3-27
3-13.
Maintenance During Nuclear, Biological, Chemical
Conditions............................................................................... 3-27
Section
III. Operation and Function ...................................................................... 3-27
3-14. Operation ................................................................................ 3-28
3-15. Loading................................................................................... 3-28
3-16. Unloading ............................................................................... 3-28
3-17. Cycle of Functioning ............................................................. 3-29
3-18. Sights ...................................................................................... 3-30
3-19. M122A1 Tripod...................................................................... 3-33
3-20. Bipod Operations.................................................................... 3-35
3-21. Tripod Operations................................................................... 3-36
Section
IV. Performance Problems and Destruction ............................................. 3-36
3-22. Malfunctions........................................................................... 3-36
3-23. Stoppages................................................................................ 3-37
3-24. Immediate Action ................................................................... 3-40
3-25. Remedial Action ..................................................................... 3-40
3-26. Stuck Barrel ............................................................................ 3-41
3-27. Destruction Procedures........................................................... 3-41
CHAPTER 4. MACHINE GUN MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING
Section
I. Introduction........................................................................................... 4-1
4-1. Objectives ................................................................................. 4-1
4-2. Training Phases......................................................................... 4-1
4-3. Training Strategy ...................................................................... 4-2
4-4. Training for Combat Conditions .............................................. 4-4
Section
II. Preliminary Gunnery............................................................................. 4-4
4-5. Marksmanship Fundamentals ................................................... 4-4
4-6. Firing Positions......................................................................... 4-5
4-7. Night Fire.................................................................................. 4-9
4-8. Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Fire ........................................ 4-10
4-9. Engagement of Moving Targets ............................................. 4-11
4-10. Traverse and Search................................................................ 4-13
4-11. Direct Lay ............................................................................... 4-14
4-12. Application of Fire.................................................................. 4-14
4-13. Fire Adjustment ...................................................................... 4-14
4-14. Effects of Wind....................................................................... 4-15
4-15. Fire Commands....................................................................... 4-17
iii
FM 3-22.68
Page
4-16. Dry-Fire Exercise ................................................................... 4-17
4-17. Multipurpose Machine Gun Range Layout ............................ 4-20
4-18. Basic Machine Gun Target ..................................................... 4-21
4-19. Target Analysis....................................................................... 4-24
Section
III. Crew Drill ........................................................................................... 4-24
4-20. Preparation.............................................................................. 4-24
4-21. Crew Equipment ..................................................................... 4-25
4-22. Formation (Bipod or Tripod Mounted) .................................. 4-25
4-23. Cross-Training Procedures ..................................................... 4-26
4-24. Inspection for Bipod Fire........................................................ 4-26
4-25. Placement into Action (Bipod) ............................................... 4-28
4-26 Procedures for Changing the Barrel (Bipod) .......................... 4-29
4-27. Removal from Action (Bipod)................................................ 4-30
4-28. Inspection for Tripod Fire....................................................... 4-30
4-29. Placement into Action (Tripod) .............................................. 4-30
4-30. Procedures for Changing the Barrel (Tripod)......................... 4-32
4-31. Removal from Action (Tripod)............................................... 4-32
4-32. Prone Position......................................................................... 4-33
Section
IV. Basic Gunnery for the M249, M60, and M240B Machine Guns ....... 4-34
4-33. Zero......................................................................................... 4-34
4-34. Field Zero ............................................................................... 4-35
4-35. 10-Meter Firing....................................................................... 4-35
4-36. 10-Meter Conduct of Fire ....................................................... 4-36
4-37. 10-Meter Firing, Qualification ............................................... 4-44
4-38. Transition Fire ........................................................................ 4-44
4-39. Transition Conduct of Fire, Bipod.......................................... 4-45
4-40. Transition Fire, Limited Visibility.......................................... 4-49
4-41. AN/PVS-4 Zero ...................................................................... 4-50
4-42. Qualification Standards .......................................................... 4-51
CHAPTER 5. COMBAT TECHNIQUES OF FIRE
Section
I. Characteristics of Fire ........................................................................... 5-1
5-1. Trajectory.................................................................................. 5-1
5-2. Maximum Ordinate .................................................................. 5-1
5-3. Cone of Fire .............................................................................. 5-1
5-4. Beaten Zone .............................................................................. 5-2
5-5. Danger Space ............................................................................ 5-2
Section
II. Classes of Fire....................................................................................... 5-2
5-6. Respect to the Ground .............................................................. 5-2
5-7. Respect to the Target ................................................................ 5-3
5-8. Respect to the Machine Gun..................................................... 5-4
Section
III. Application of Fire................................................................................ 5-5
5-9. Types of Targets ....................................................................... 5-5
5-10. Distribution, Concentration, and Rate of Fire .......................... 5-6
5-11. Target Engagement................................................................... 5-7
5-12. Target Engagement during Limited Visibility........................ 5-12
iv
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