Liddell-Scott-Jones GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON 7th Intermediate.pdf

AN INTERMEDIATE

GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON

FOUNDED UPON

THE SEVENTH EDITION OF

LIDDELL AND SCOTT’S

GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON

PREFACE

T HIS Abridgement of the Oxford Greek Lexicon has been undertaken in compliance

with wishes expressed by several experienced School Masters. It is an entirely new work,

and it is hoped that it will meet their requirements.

It differs from the old Abridgement, in that

1st. It is made from the last Edition (1883) of the large Lexicon.

2ndly. The matter contained in it is greatly increased. This increase has been caused

by giving fuller explanations of the words, by inserting the irregular forms of Moods and

Tenses more fully, by citing the leading Authorities for the different usages, and adding

characteristic phrases.

With regard to the citation of Authors’ names, it has been endeavoured to give the

earliest authority for each usage. When the word or meaning continued in general use, an

’etc.’ is added to the first authority or authorities. When the original usage seems to be

continued only exceptionally, the names of the exceptional authorities have been added.

Generally speaking, words used only by late writers and scientific terms have been

omitted. But from Homer downwards, to the close of Classical Attic Greek, care has been

taken to insert all words. Besides these, will be found words used by Aristotle in his

moral and political treatises, by Polybius and Strabo in the books generally read by

students, by Plutarch in his Lives, by Lucian, by the Poets of the Anthology, and by the

writers of the New Testament.

With regard to Etymology, when the word represents the Root or Primitive Form with

a termination easily separable, it is printed in Capital Letters, as ΓΕΜ́Ω , ΚΡΑΤ́ΟΣ ;

when the Root and termination are not so distinctly separable, the assumed Root is added,

as τύπτω (Root ΤΨΠ ).

In Derived words, reference is made to the Verb or other word under which the Root

is given, as νιφό-βολος ( βάλλω ); except that in cases where the Root can only be found

in the aor. 2 or some other tense of a Defective Verb, this form and not the Verb is given,

as δρόµος ( δραµεῖν ), ὄψις ( ὄψοµαι ).

In Compound words, the parts of which they are made up has been marked by placing

a hyphen between them, as ἀπο-βάλλω, ἀφ-ίηµι, ἄ-βατος . When either part of the

compound remains unaltered or only slightly altered, no reference to the simple forms has

been thought necessary. And words derived from a compound already divided are left

undivided, as φιλοσοφέω from φιλό-σοφος .

The Quantity of doubtful syllables is marked: when a doubtful vowel precedes

another vowel, it is to be understood that the former is short, unless it is marked long.

H. G. LIDDELL.

C H . C H ., O XFORD , Oct. 27, 1888.

Α .

α, ἄλφα , τό , indecl., first letter of the Gr. alphabet: as Numeral, αʹ = εἷς and πρῶτος ,

but, ͵α = 1000. Changes of ᾰ :

1. Aeol., ᾰ for ε, ἄλλοτα for ἄλλοτε :—for ο, εἴκατι for εἴκοσι :—reversely ο for α ,

v. sub ο .

2. Dor., ᾰ for ε, ἄλλοκα for - τε :—in the body of words, ἱαρός for ἱερός . 3. Ion., ᾰ

for ε, µέγαθος for µέγεθος :—reversely ε for ᾰ , v. sub ε .

b. ᾰ becomes η in the num. forms, διπλήσιος, πολλαπλήσιος for διπλάσιος,

πολλαπλάσιος .

c. in some words, ᾰ represents η , as µεσαµβρίη for µεσηµβρία, ἀµφις -βᾰτέω for

ἀµφις -βητέω .

d. ᾰ for ο , as ἀρρωδέω for ὀρρωδέω .

II. changes of ᾱ :

1. η Ion. becomes ᾱ Aeol. and Dor. in the 1st decl., as πύλα, Ἀτρείδας for πύλη,

Ἀτρείδης : also when α is the vowel of the root, as θνάσκω for θνήσκω ( ΘΑΝ ); but η for

ε or ει is often retained in Aeol. and Dor., as ἠρχόµαν ( ἔρχοµαι ), but ἀρχόµαν

( ἄρχοµαι ).

b. reversely, in Dor., αε and αει in inflexions of Verbs in άω are contr. into η , as

ἐνίκη for - ᾱ, ὁρῇς for - ᾷς :—so in crasis, τἠµά for τὰ ἐµά, κἠγών for καὶ ἐγών .

c. in Dor., αο and αω are contracted not into ω , but into ᾱ , v. Ω ω .

2. in Ion., η for ᾱ is characteristic, as in 1st decl., σοφίη, -ην, Ἀρισταγόρης, -ην : if

the nom. ends in ᾰ , the change only takes place in gen. and dat. ἀλήθειᾰ, -ης, -ῃ, -αν .

α- , insep. Prefix in compos.:

I. alpha privativum, expressing want or absence, Like Lat. in-, Engl. un-, σοφός

wise, ἄ-σοφος un wise: v. ἀν- . This α rarely precedes a vowel, as in ἄ-ατος, ἀ-ηθής :

more often before the spir. asper, as ἀ-ήσσητος, ἀ-όρατος, ἀ-όριστος : sometimes α

coalesces with the foll. vowel, as ἄκων ( ἀέκων ) , ἀργός ( ἀεργός ): before a vowel ἀν- is

more common. Regularly, it is only compounded with nouns; for exceptions, v. ἀβουλέω ,

ἀνήδοµαι , ἀτίζω .

II. alpha copulativum, expressing union, likeness, properly with spir. asper, as in ἅ-

θροος, ἅ-πας , but with spir. lenis, ἄ-κοιτις, ἄ-λοχος, ἀ-δελφός, ἀ-τάλαντος, ἀ-

κόλουθος . It is prob. akin to the Adv. ἅµα .

III. alpha intensivum, said to answer to the Adv. ἄγαν , very. The existence of this α

is doubtful: some words referred to it belong to α privativum, as ἀ-δάκρυτος, ἀ-

θέσφατος, ἄ-ξυλος (v. sub vocc.); in others, as ἄ-σκιος, ἀ-τενής, ἀσπεργές, ἀ-

σκελές , the α may be α copulativum.

IV. α euphonicum, as ἀ-βληχρός, ἀ-σπαίρω, ἀ-σταφίς, ἀ-στεροπή for βληχρός,

σπαίρω, σταφίς, στεροπή . [ ᾰ in all these cases, except by position. But Adjs. which

begin with three short syllables have ᾱ in dactylic metres, as ἀ-δάµατος, ἀ-θέµιτος, ἀ-

κάµατος, ἀ-πάλαµος : one Adj. ἀ-θάνατος , with its derivs., has ᾱ in all metres.]

ἆ , exclamation, like Lat. and Engl. ah! ἆ δειλέ, ἆ δειλώ, ἆ δειλοί , Hom.; doubled, ἆ ἆ

Aesch.

ἅ ἅ or ἇ ἇ , to express laughter, ha, ha, Eur., Ar.

ἁ , Dor. for Artic. ἡ .

II. ἅ , Dor. for relat. Pron. ἥ .

III. ἇ , Dor. for ἧ , dat. of ὅς .

ἀ-άᾱτος , ον , in Il. with penult. long, ( α privat., ἀάω ) not to be injured, inviolable, νῦν

µοι ὄµοσσον ἀάᾱτον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ , because the gods swore their most binding oaths

thereby.

II. ἀάᾰτος , ον , in Od. with penult. short, ( α copulat., ἀάω ) hurtful, perilous, aweful;

ἄεθλος ἀάᾰτος .

ἀ-ᾱγής , ές , ( ἄγνυµι ) unbroken, not to be broken, hard, strong, Od., Theocr.

ἄ-απτος , ον , ( ἅπτοµαι ) not to be touched, resistless, invincible, χεῖρες ἄαπτοι Hom.,

Hes.

ἄᾰσα , contr. ἆσα , aor. I of ἀάω : med. ἀᾰσάµην , ἀσάµην : pass. ἀάσθην .

ἀάσπετος, ἀάσχετος , v. ἄσπετος , ἄσχετος .

ἄᾰται , Ep. med. from ἄω (C).

II. ἀᾶται , from ἀάω .

ἄ-ᾰτος , contr. ἆτος, ον , ( ἄω C) insatiate, c. gen., Ἄρης ἆτος πολέµοιο Il.

ἀάω (Root Α Ϝ , cf. ἄτη , αὐ-άτα ), used by Hom. in aor. I act. ἄᾰσα contr. ἆσα , med.

ἀᾰσάµην contr. ἀσάµην , pass. ἀάσθην : pres. only in 3 sing. of Med. ἀᾶται :—properly

to hurt, damage; then to mislead, infatuate, of the effects of wine, sleep, divine

judgments, Od.:—so in Med., Ἄτη ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται Il.

II. aor. I med. and pass., to act recklessly or foolishly, ἀασάµην I was infatuated Il.;

µέγʼ ἀάσθη Ib. [The quantities vary: ᾱᾰσεν, ᾱᾱσαν , part. ᾰᾰσας : ᾱᾰσᾰµην, ᾱᾱσᾰτο :

ᾰασθην, ᾱασθη.]

ἅβα , ἡ , Dor. for ἥβη .

ἀβᾰκέω , f. ήσω , to be speechless, Ep. Verb only used in aor. I, οἱ δʼ ἀβάκησαν πάντες

Od. From ἀβακής

ἀ-βᾰκής , ές , ( βάζω ) speechless, infantine, Sappho.

ἀ-βάκχευτος , ον , ( Βακχεύω ) uninitiated in the Bacchic orgies, generally, joyless, Eur.

ἄ-βᾰλε [ ᾱβ ,] properly ἆ βάλε , expressing a wish, O that. . ! Lat. utinam, c. inf., Anth.

ἀ-βᾰρής , ές , ( βάρος ) without weight: not burdensome, of persons, N.T.

ἀ-βᾰσάνιστος , ον , ( βασανίζω ) not examined by torture, untortured; of things,

unexamined, Plut.:—Adv. - τως , without examination, Thuc.

ἀ-βᾰσίλευτος , ον , ( βασιλεύω ) not ruled by a king, Thuc., Xen.

ἀ-βάσκαντος , ον , ( βασκαίνω ) not subject to enchantment: —Adv. -τως , Anth.

ἀ-βάστακτος , ον , ( βαστάζω ) not to be carried, Plut.

ἄ-βᾰτος , ον , also η, ον , ( βαίνω ) untrodden, impassable, inaccessible, of mountains,

Hdt., Soph., etc.; of a river, not fordable, Xen.

2. of holy places, not to be trodden, like ἄθικτος , Soph.: metaph. pure, chaste, ψυχή

Plat.

3. of horses, not ridden, Luc.

II. act., ἄβ. πόνος a plague that hinders walking, i.e. gout, Luc.

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