ANALOGIES (1) - by Elliott Quinley.pdf
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Y
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LUF
LAT
P AS
SK
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S T
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LUF
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P AS
SKU
1
by ELLIOTT QUINLEY
1
Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc.
Cover Design: Image Quest, Inc.
Three Watson
Irvine, CA 92618-2767
Email: info@sdlback.com
Website: www.sdlback.com
Copyright © 2004 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part
of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher.
ISBN 1-56254-729-1
Printed in the United States of America
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Object to Characteristic / Characteristic to Object . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Member to Group / Group to Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Object to Movement / Movement to Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Cause to Effect / Effect to Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Sound Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Review (pages 12–35) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Part to Whole / Whole to Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Object to Place / Place to Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Letter Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
U.S. History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Review (pages 38–61) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
INTRODUCTION
◗
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?
In its simplest form, an analogy is a stated likeness between two things that are
otherwise unlike.
The embarrassed girl’s
face
turned
as red as a beet
.
Such a comparison is made to explain something vividly or to make it easier
to understand.
Analogies that look like little word puzzles are often used to test vocabulary
and reasoning ability. These analogies require the use of logic to identify the
relationships between words and ideas.
Here are some common types of analogies.
CHARACTERISTICS
SYNONYMS
ANTONYMS
emerald
:
green
lemon
:
sour
joke
:
funny
error
:
mistake
remark
:
comment
doctor
:
physician
never
:
often
comedy
:
tragedy
clumsy
:
graceful
ASSOCIATION
WHOLE
/
PART
OBJECT
/
MOVEMENT
fork
:
knife
Jack
:
Jill
rock
:
roll
alphabet
:
letter
flower
:
petal
shirt
:
sleeve
hammer
:
pound
kangaroo
:
leap
eye
:
blink
As you can see on the
Table of Contents
page in this book, there are
many
different
types of analogies. Your task in these lessons will be to select the word or words that
correctly complete each analogy.
◗
HOW DO YOU READ AN ANALOGY?
Notice the special notation used in analogies.
cow
:
tame
::
lead
:
pencil
::
hand
:
finger
::
cougar
:
wild
ink
:
pen
foot
:
toe
The single colon (
:
) stand for the words
is to
. The double colon (
::
) stands for the
word
as
. So, in sentence form, these analogies read
Cow
is to
tame
as
cougar
is to
wild
.
Lead
is to
pencil
as
ink
is to
pen
.
Hand
is to
finger
as
foot
is to
toe
.
5
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