SiloziGrammar.pdf

AN OUTLINE OF SILOZI

GRAMMAR

6EOR6E FORTUNE

Serier Editor: MUBANGA E.KASHOKT

FirstPublished

in1977bytheìnslitute

forAf canStudies

(now

theInstitute

ofEconomic

andSocialResearch),

Univetsity

oíZambia

inLarguage

inZanbia;Grannaticel

Sketches.

Thisedition

ispublished

byBookworld

Publisherc

P0Box32581,

Lusaka,

Zambia.

2001

OInstitule

ofEconomic

andSocialResearch

1977

reserved.

No part ofthis publication

mayberepÍoduced,

stored

inareteval

system,

ortmnsmitted,

inanyfomorbyanymeans

electronic,

mechanical,

photocopying,

recording

orotherwise,

wilhout

the pdotpermission

oíthe publìsher.

tsBN9982241591

Typesetting

byFergan

Limited,

Lusaka,

Zambia.

Prinied

byPrintech

Limiled,

Lusaka,

Zambia.

AllÍights

FOREU,IORD

There hasbeena lack ofup to datedescriptivegrammals ofZambian languages

suitablefor uso,eitherasteaching or asleamingaids,at all Ìevels of úe Zambian

educationsystem.This lack has beenkeenly felt by teache$ andleamers alike.

Mâny of the grâÌÌnnals that are available could be said to be inadequateor

inappropriateú severalrcspects. Theoldestoneswere$,.ittenatatime whenLatin

or Euopean languagesgenerally were consideredto be the protot)?e of all

grâfimars, andúus they tendedto be pattemed in their anaÌìgement, description

and úe terminology employedon Latin-basedgramrnaticaÌ rules. Otherswere

writtenin astj,le andlanguagewhich presented seriousproblems ofcomprehension

evento teachers.

in Zambia attemptedto

proüde comprehmsible gralÌúnatical descriptions of the sevenZambian

languagesofrcially prescribed for usein education,broadcasting atrdliteracy

programmes. The authonwho volunteered or werc approached

to wrìte tlìem

were specificallyinstructedto employa comprehensible sq,leandto keep

techíical terminologyto the absolute minimum.The geneÌal readerwas cleaÍly

m miod. It is hopedthatüth úe publishingnow ofúe graÍnmatical outlinesof

iciBemb4 sil,ozi, ciNyanja andiciTongathe original intentionofFoviditrg

grammatical desüiptionsof appeâl

In a good manycases,

the actual€xamplescitedwereunnâtuÌal,

forced or not in accordwith accept€dusage.At úe present momentmarÌyofthese

workshavelongbeenoutofprint-

In oÌderto put in the hands ofúe teachersandleamersgÌaamatical descriptions

which reflected morenearlythe shlctual factsofthefularyuagq dudng 1970-

71,the Suvey of Language UseandLanguageTeaching

to âwideâudience,boú Ìayand professional, will havebeenachieved.

As Òrigjnallyconceived, sevengrammatjcalsketchesÍepresentingâ11úe seven

ofËcially approvedZambian languages,plus sketchesof TownBembaandTown

Tonga,wereto havebeen publishedasPartOneiÌì aproj€ctedthree-paÍvolumeof

Languagein Zambiâ, incorporatingthe findings ofthe ZambiaLanguag.. Sur,,,ey.

In the event,it was found necessâry

in the interestof ÍedÌrcingbulk andcostto

theoriginal plân andto arrangeto publish the sketchesseparately. Tndeed,

publìshìng them sepantely has the advantageof making them âvailable in a

convenient,

lessbulky size$ritablefoÌ boú teacherandstudenthandling.

The Institute for AÊ:ican Studies (now the Institute of Economic and Social

Research),Univelsiry of Zambiâ, published in 1977 Language in zambia:

GÌammatical Sketches,Volume1 , containìnggraÍÌÍÌÌaticalsketchesoÍ outlinesof

iciBembaandkiKaondebyMichaelMânnandJLWÍightrespectively, plus asketch

ofthe maìncharacteristicsofTown Bembaby MubangaE Kashokì.The plan atthe

time was to publish sìrbseqÌrentÌy

to. Only

onevolumewas publishediì accordarcewith the original plan andúis hasbeen

outofprint for sometimenow

It ìs in part for thesereasons

that it hasbeenconsid€rednecessaÍy

to attendto

ago.Also,ândmore

peÌlinently,úe needfor pedagogicâlandreference graÍÌìmars of Zambian

inìtiatedsometwodecâdes

abandon

two follo\ì,-up voiumes: fiÌst, Volume 2, to

contain sketchesofsiloá andLundaandLuvaleandsecon4Volume3,to contain

sketchesof ciNyanjaand iciTonga.ln theeventthis planwasnot adhered

the unfinished büsiness

Èved.

languages continuesto bekeenly felt. ThematteÌ hasnowbeen mademoreúgent

following úe recent (1996) decisionofthe ZambiâD GoveÌìnent to rcveÍ to úe

earÌierpolicy of usinglocaÌ(i.e. Zambian)

ling all the seven

i B€mba andTown

l€e-paÍ volumeof

llaguage Survey.

lE hrlk andcostto

qrarateÌy. Indeed,

a avaìlable in a

hdling.

languages

plus English âsamealia of

inorderloachier e whar i. felt lobeamore logicâl

arangemmt, toul graÌÌÌmatical sketchesof iciBemba, sil-ozi, ciNyanja and

iciTongaÌvill be pubÌished sepamtelybeginning with the first volumecontaining a

gÉmmatical outÌineof iciBemba.

by the Institute for Aftican Studies,(úe present Institute of

Economic andSocialResearch University ofzambia),the mainvolume Languag€

inZâmbiâ, waspublished

(IAl)pâÌ1ly

subsidised by tunds from rhe Ford Foundation. The Institut€ gâtetully

acknowledges

in 1978bytheInremationaÌAfÍjcanÌnsritute

i.mic and Social

irge ir Zambia:

bes oroutlines of

l'tÌy, plus asketch

li Theplan atthe

iÍ, Volume 2, to

rhe 3,to contâin

aâdheredto. Only

led this hasbeen

the sponsors of the

langüàge suNeyofwhich thematedalpublished herein is a partial outcome, tohave

the sketchespublishedseparately. Gratitude

the pemissiongranted by the Foundâtion,

is aÌsodue to the authom of the

foí theiÌ co.tribution in afield in whichmuch remâinstobe done.

f)lher âcLnowledgemcnls

aredue loBookuorld pubìi"her.

forpublishtng

rhe

in coÌlaborationwith theInstitute;

to theeditorsofLanguage in

Zâmbiâ, SiraÌli Ohannesssian

andMubangaE Kashoki,

for caryingoutth€

buÌkofthenecessâry

initial editoÍialwork;to Dr.Tom Cormanwho was

tobring a general stylistic consjstency

toúe sketches;

andto úe

Íy to attend to

nd more

ÍZaÍnbiúr

Instìtutestafffor prepâring the tlpescript. Above all. the eventüal

publication ofthe sketchesowes müchto the ZambiaÌÌGovernment,

in partìcülaÌ

theMinistry of Education, andto the University ofzambia for their interest and

supporfandÍòr providing a condüciveenviÌorÌment in which

inshìrcdon. Asno$re-arÍaÌged.

Co-sponsored

sketches

detailed

secretarial

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