Dictionary Germanic Etymology - Wörterbuch der germanischen Spracheinheit (unknown, 1909, Fick).pdf

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Worterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen:
Dritter Teil:
Wortschatz der Germanischen Spracheinheit
by August Fick with contributions by Hjalmar Falk,
entirely revised by Alf Torp in 1909.
Electronic version created by Sean Crist
(kurisuto@unagi.cis.upenn.edu).
This PDF le was generated from
the base document on 25 Sep 2003.
1
Notes on the electronic version
The original text by Torp was scanned, OCR'ed, and corrected by Sean Crist (kurisuto@unagi.cis.upenn.edu).
This PDF le was generated from the XML base document on 25 Sep 2003. A single pass of hand-checking
has been done on the entire document. This checking took around two years and was completed on 10 April
2003. I then re-checked the rst 50 pages, nishing on 26 May 2003.
The four levels of indentation, representing the hierarchical arrangment of the entries, were added to this
PDF version on 9 June 2003.
At the end of each entry is a notation indicating where the entry is found in the original text. A notation
like 25:3 means that the entry was the third entry beginning on page 25 of the original text. A notation like
102:11, 103:1 means that the entry started as the eleventh entry on page 102, and owed over onto page
103.
Word categories
After a page/paragraph notation, there is sometimes an annotation of my own such as it agriculture or it
religion. For teaching purposes, I made a rough classication of culturally signicant words into convenient
groupings. For example, after an in-class activity where the students reconstruct Proto-Germanic words
related to warfare, we then read what the Roman ethnographer Tacitus has to say about Germanic warfare
practices, and then view a brief slide show on the archaeologically recovered Germanic weaponry. These
annotations are included here since they might be of some use to others, but my choice of cultural categories
and my judgments about individual words are, of course, highly subjective.
agriculture
animal
Both agricultural and wild; includes sh
body
clothing
Includes jewelry, textiles, hair/hair styling
color
death
emotion
food
family
health
Words related to health and disease
house
Housing and construction
land
metal
music
number
Numerals and other number-related words
plants
religion
Religion and mythology
sea
Words related to the sea or ocean
boating
Words related to ships, shipping, boating
sky
Includes weather, astronomy
law
Words related to laws and social relationships
technology
Tools and other human-made items
tree
Types of trees
warfare
Work in progress
Work in progress which is not yet reected in this PDF le includes:
2
The Nachtrage und Berichtigungen (addenda and errata) section is included here at the end of the text as
in the original. In future versions, Torp's corrections will be incorporated into the main text. The deletions
and insertions will be denoted in the base document using XML tags, so that both the original and corrected
versions of the text are recoverable. The authority for each modication will be indicated as a tag attribute
(\Torp" in the case where Torp indicated the error in the errata section, and \Crist" in the case where I
identied the error myself).
In the original text, hyphens have two uses: to indicate that a long word has been broken and is continued
to the next line, and also to show the morphological boundaries within a word. This double usage creates
an ambiguity: in some cases, a word is broken across two lines, but it is not always immediately obvious
whether Torp would have included a hyphen within the word to indicate morphological structure even if the
word had not been broken across two lines. In cases where the choice was clear to me, as in the case of
modern German words, I included or removed the hyphen as I saw t. Cases which remain to be resolved
are indicated with a hyphen with a small question mark above it (as in mon ? slaga).
The following tags occur in the current text:
<LACUNA/>: part or all of the preceding word is so illegible that no guess can be made as to the
correct transcription.
<UNCERTAIN/>: the preceding word is fairly legible, but is smudged or faded, causing some
uncertainly as to whether the transcription given here is correct. This is a particular problem with
diacritics; it can be hard to distingish a caret from an acute accent, a short sign from a macron,
diareses from overdot-plus-acute, etc. (Both LACUNA and UNCERTAIN indicate a problem in
making out the text; a LACUNA is entirely illegible, but UNCERTAIN text at least allows a guess.)
<ERR/>: there is a certain error in the preceding word or in the punctuation immediately adjacent
to the word. In some cases, the error has been corrected in this electronic version; in other cases, the
error has merely been indicated but has not yet been corrected. (See above for the planned future
strategy for denoting deletion of errors and insertion of corrections.)
<QUESTIONABLE/>: the preceding word has been represented here as in the original text, but
that I suspect that the original text contains an error. (An ERR is a certain error, but QUESTION-
ABLE is merely a possible error.)
<PREMODERN-SPELLING/>: the preceding word uses a premodern German spelling such as
Meth. Torp is usually consistent in using the modern orthography, but there are rare lapses.
<UNCOMPLETED/> and <WRONG-ENCODING/>: the preceding word has character encoding
issues in this electronic version which still need to be resolved.
The symbol ~ is used for a character which is corrupted in the original text, such a diacritic with
a missing base character. Torp generally notes such cases in the errata section. The symbol ~ also
stands for the illegible characters within lacunae.
All of the tagged cases which require further work will be investigated by checking the problematic words
against other dictionaries.
3
Abbreviations
There is no table of abbreviations in the original printed text. Sean Crist produced the following par-
tial list by creating a histogram over the words of the entire dictionary, sorted by frequency. Most of the
highest-frequency items are abbreviations, and the following items were culled from the top of the his-
togram. Low-frequency abbreviations have generally not yet been added to the list; please tell Sean Crist
(kurisuto@unagi.cis.upenn.edu) of any that you nd.
As you can see from the list, Torp sometimes varies among more than one abbreviation for a particular word.
It would be a great addition if you contributed some or all of the missing un-abbreviated German spellouts.
German
German
English
English
abbr.
full
abbr.
full
a.
a.
acc.
akkusativ
acc.
accusative
acymr.
Old Welsh
adan.
Old Danish
adj
Adjektiv
adj.
adjective
adv.
Adverb
adv.
adverb
aeol.
Aeolic
afr.
afrank.
Old Franconian
afries.
Altfriesisch
OF.
Old Frisian
ags.
Angelsachsisch
OE.
Old English
ahd.
Althochdeutsch
OHG.
Old High German
air.
Old Irish (?)
akk.
accusative
alb.
Albanisch
alb.
Albanian
altfries.
Old Frisian
altir.
Old Irish
altlat.
Old Latin
amhd.
Old and Middle High German
an.
Altnordisch
OIcel.
Old Norse (read: Old Icelandic)
and.
Old Low German
angl.
Anglian (?)
aor.
aorist
apers.
arm.
Armenisch
Arm.
Armenian
as.
Altsachsisch
OS.
Old Saxon
aschw.
Old Swedish
aschwed.
Altschwedisch
OSwed.
Old Swedish
asl.
Altslawisch
OSlav.
Old Slavic (or OCS = Old Church Slavonic)
bair.
Bairisch
Bav.
Bavarian
bes.
besonders
especially
bulg.
Bulgarian
c.
with
caus.
causative
causat.
causative
comp.
comparative
compar.
comparative
conj.
4
cymr.
Cymrisch
Welsh
d.
d.h.
das heit
i.e.
that is, namely
dan.
Danisch
dan.
Danish
dass.
dasselbe
(the) same
dat.
Dativ
dat
dative
denom.
denominative
dgl.
the same
dial.
dialect
dim.
diminuative
dimin.
diminuative
dissim.
dor.
Doric
eig.
eigentlich
actually
eigentl.
eigentlich
actually, in fact
eigtl.
eigentlich
actually, in fact
engl.
Englisch
ModE.
English
etw.
etwas
something
f.
femininum
fem., f.
feminine
fem.
feminine
nn.
Finnish
.
am.
Flemish
fries.
Frisian
g.
Gotisch
Goth.
Gothic
g.
genitiv
gen.
genitive
gael.
Gaelic
gall.
Gallic
gen.
genitive
ger.
Germanic (?)
germ.
germanisch
Germ.
Germanic
german.
Germanic
got.
Gothic
gr.
Griechisch
Gk.
Greek
griech.
Greek
Grundwz.
Grundwurzel
basic root
hess.
Hessian (?)
Hesych.
i.
idg.
Indo-European
Ig.
Indogermanisch
IE
Indo-European
instr.
instrumental
intens.
intensive (?)
intr.
intransitiv
intransitive
ion.
Ionic
ir.
Ir.
Irish
isl.
Islandisch
Icel
Icelandic
jmd.
someone
kelt.
Celtic
klruss.
Little Russian (?)
kret.
Cretan
langob.
Langobardic
lat.
Lateinisch
Lat.
Latin
5

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