ANALOGIES (1) - by Elliott Quinley.pdf

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1
by ELLIOTT QUINLEY
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1
Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc.
Cover Design: Image Quest, Inc.
Three Watson
Irvine, CA 92618-2767
Email: info@sdlback.com
Website: www.sdlback.com
Copyright © 2004 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part
of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher.
ISBN 1-56254-729-1
Printed in the United States of America
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Object to Characteristic / Characteristic to Object . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Member to Group / Group to Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Object to Movement / Movement to Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Cause to Effect / Effect to Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Sound Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Review (pages 12–35) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Part to Whole / Whole to Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Object to Place / Place to Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Letter Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
U.S. History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Mixed Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Review (pages 38–61) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
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INTRODUCTION
◗
WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?
In its simplest form, an analogy is a stated likeness between two things that are
otherwise unlike.
The embarrassed girl’s face turned as red as a beet .
Such a comparison is made to explain something vividly or to make it easier
to understand.
Analogies that look like little word puzzles are often used to test vocabulary
and reasoning ability. These analogies require the use of logic to identify the
relationships between words and ideas.
Here are some common types of analogies.
CHARACTERISTICS
SYNONYMS
ANTONYMS
emerald : green
lemon : sour
joke : funny
error : mistake
remark : comment
doctor : physician
never : often
comedy : tragedy
clumsy : graceful
ASSOCIATION
WHOLE / PART
OBJECT / MOVEMENT
fork : knife
Jack : Jill
rock : roll
alphabet : letter
flower : petal
shirt : sleeve
hammer : pound
kangaroo : leap
eye : blink
As you can see on the Table of Contents page in this book, there are many different
types of analogies. Your task in these lessons will be to select the word or words that
correctly complete each analogy.
◗
HOW DO YOU READ AN ANALOGY?
Notice the special notation used in analogies.
cow : tame ::
lead : pencil ::
hand : finger ::
cougar : wild
ink : pen
foot : toe
The single colon ( : ) stand for the words is to . The double colon ( :: ) stands for the
word as . So, in sentence form, these analogies read
Cow is to tame as cougar is to wild .
Lead is to pencil as ink is to pen .
Hand is to finger as foot is to toe .
5
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