AlternativeLEC3.pdf

Alternative Water Treatment

Inactivation of waterborne pathogens

Membrane Technologies - Part 2

¡ Lecture 2 - Reminder

¡ Microbial pathogens removal

¡ Dimensioning

Alternative disinfectants - Part 1

¡ Kitchen salt

Lecture 1 - Reminder

Membrane technology Î basic terms

Concise Dictionary

Array Î ukþad szeregowy

Feed Î zasilanie (nadawa)

Concentrate - koncentrat

Brine Î solanka

Permeate (product) Î permeat, filtrat

Stage (bank) Î ukþad rwnolegþy

Rejection Î usuwanie (procent usuwania)

Solute Î substancja rozpuszczona;

Solvent Î rozpuszczalnik;

Flux Î strumieı;

Scaling Î wytrĢcanie kamienia kotþowego;

Fouling Î obrastanie;

Rejection coefficient Î wspþczynnik zatrzymania

Lecture 1 - Reminder

Pathogen removal

ULTRAFILTRATION

MICROFILTRATION

Membrane technology

Î microbial pathogens removal

Target organisms and their size (US EPA):

Enteric viruses 0,03 Î 0,1 µ m

Fecal Coliform 1 Î 4 µ m

Cryptosporidium 4 Î 6(7) µ m

Giardia

7 Î 15 µ m

£ Fecal Coliform:

Membrane technology

Î microbial pathogens removal

Surrogate organisms for testing:

Alternate microorganisms (MF, UF)

Inert particles (MF,UF)

Molecular markers (NF, RO)

Effective size of an appropriate surrogate should be equivalent to

or smaller than the lower bound of the size range of the target

organism

The Effective size of the surrogate should be characterized using

an upper bound of its size distribution such the 99,9th

percentile (narrow size and a high uniformity coefficient)

E.g. Lower size range of Cryptosporidium is 3 µ m so surrogate

might be one in which 99 % of particles have a diameter of 1

µ m or less.

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