Elements of Molecular Neurobiology 3d ed - C. U. M. Smith.pdf

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Elements of Molecular Neurobiology. C. U. M. Smith
Copyright
2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISBNs: 0-470-84353-5 (HB); 0-471-56038-3 (PB)
Elements
of
Molecular
Neurobiology
Third Edition
For Rosemary
Always in my heart
Elements
of
Molecular
Neurobiology
Third Edition
C. U. M. SMITH
Department of Vision Sciences
Aston University
Birmingham, UK
51751641.001.png
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ISBN 0 470 84353 5 (case)
ISBN 0 471 56038 3 (paper)
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CONTENTS
Preface ........................... xi
Preface to the First Edition . . ........... xiii
Preface to the Second Edition ........... xv
3.4 Control of the Expression of Genetic
Information . .................. 65
3.4.1 Genomic Control . . . .......... 66
3.4.2 Transcriptional Control . . . . . . . . 67
B OX 3.2: Oncogenes, proto-
oncogenes and IEGs .......... 69
3.4.3 Post-transcriptional Control . . . . . 73
3.4.4 Translational Control.......... 74
3.4.5 Post-translational Control. . . . . . . 75
3.5 Conclusion . . .................. 76
1 Introductory Orientation . . ........... 1
1.1 Outline of Nervous Systems . ....... 2
1.2 Vertebrate Nervous Systems . ....... 4
1.3 Cells of the Nervous Systems ....... 7
1.3.1 Neurons ................... 7
1.3.2 Glia . . . ................... 11
1.4 Organisation of Synapses . . . ....... 14
1.5 Organisation of Neurons in the Brain . 16
4 Molecular Evolution . . .............. 77
4.1 Mutation . . . .................. 79
4.1.1 Point Mutations . . . .......... 79
4.1.2 Proof-reading and Repair
Mechanisms . . .............. 80
4.1.3 Chromosomal Mutations . . . . . . . 84
4.2 Protein Evolution . .............. 87
4.2.1 Evolutionary Development of
Protein Molecules and
Phylogenetic Relationships . . . . . . 87
4.2.2 Evolutionary Relationships of
Different Proteins . . .......... 91
4.2.3 Evolution by Differential Post-
transcriptional and Post-
translational Processing: the Opioids
and Other Neuroactive Peptides . . 92
4.3 Conclusion . . .................. 95
2 The Conformation of Informational
Macromolecules .................. 22
2.1 Proteins . . . ................... 22
2.1.1 Primary Structure . ........... 23
2.1.2 Secondary Structure........... 28
2.1.3 Tertiary Structure . ........... 35
2.1.4 Quaternary Structure . . . ....... 37
2.1.5 Molecular Chaperones . . ....... 38
2.2 Nucleic Acids . . . ............... 39
2.2.1 DNA . . ................... 39
2.2.2 RNA . . ................... 41
2.3 Conclusion . ................... 44
3 Information Processing in Cells . ....... 47
3.1 The Genetic Code ............... 48
3.2 Replication . ................... 49
3.3 ‘DNA Makes RNA and RNA Makes
Protein’ . . . ................... 49
3.3.1 Transcription. ............... 49
3.3.2 Post-transcriptional Processing . . . 56
3.3.3 Translation . . ............... 60
B OX 3.1: Antisense and triplex
oligonucleotides . . . ........... 63
5 Manipulating Biomolecules ........... 96
5.1 Restriction Endonucleases . . . . . . . . . 97
5.2 Separation of Restriction Fragments . . 98
5.3 Restriction Maps . . .............. 98
5.4 Recombination . . . .............. 100
5.5 Cloning. ...................... 101

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