Radiological Protection (Springer, 2005).pdf

Landolt-Brnstein

Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology

New Series / Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen

Group VIII: Advanced Materials and Technologies

Volume 4

Radiological Protection

Editors:

A. Kaul, D. Becker

Authors:

D. Becker, G. Brix, A. Dalheimer, G. Dietze, H.R. Doerfel,

K.F. Eckerman, H. Graffunder, Y. Harima, K. Hayashi,

N. Ishigure, A. Kaul, H. Klewe-Nebenius, M. Lasch, H. Paretzke,

N. Petoussi-Henss, A. Phipps, H. Smith, J.W. Stather, G.N. Stradling,

D.M. Taylor, H.-G. Vogt, W. Weiss

ISSN 1619-4802 (Advanced Materials and Technologies)

ISBN 3-540-20207-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie

Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen

Vol. VIII/4: Editor: A. Kaul, D. Becker

At head of title: Landolt-Brnstein. Added t.p.: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology.

Tables chiefly in English.

Intended to supersede the Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen by H. Landolt and R. Brnstein of which the 6th ed. began publication in 1950 under title:

Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik.

Vols. published after v. 1 of group I have imprint: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag

Includes bibliographies.

1. Physics--Tables. 2. Chemistry--Tables. 3. Engineering--Tables.

I. Brnstein, R. (Richard), 1852-1913. II. Landolt, H. (Hans), 1831-1910.

III. Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. IV. Title: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology.

QC61.23 502'.12

62-53136

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation,

reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this

publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and

permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution act under German Copyright Law.

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH

¨ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005

Printed in Germany

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement,

that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Product Liability : The data and other information in this handbook have been carefully extracted and evaluated by experts from the original literature.

Furthermore, they have been checked for correctness by authors and the editorial staff before printing. Nevertheless, the publisher can give no

guarantee for the correctness of the data and information provided. In any individual case of application, the respective user must check the

correctness by consulting other relevant sources of information.

Cover layout: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg

Typesetting: Authors and Redaktion Landolt-Brnstein, Darmstadt

Printing and Binding: AZ Druck, Kempten/Allgu

SPIN: 10723325

63/3020 - 5 4 3 2 1 0 Î Printed on acid-free paper

Preface

About 10 years before discovery of X-rays and natural radioactivity by W. C. Rntgen and H. Becquerel,

more precisely in 1883, Hans Landolt, Richard Brnstein and Julius Springer have started a series of

selected and easily retrievable physical data, which became a successful tool for natural scientists

working or practising a profession in fields of chemistry, physics or technology.

Now, i.e. about 120 years after start of this unique data collection and consequently about 100 years after

introduction of ionizing radiations and radionuclides in natural sciences, medicine and technology, the

Landolt-Brnstein New Series is submitting to the reader a full volume on protection of man against

ionizing radiations and radionuclides, i.e. ÐRadiological ProtectionÑ. A comparison with the 6 th edition of

Landolt-Brnstein containing merely a six pages chapter on ÐStrahlenschutzÑ shows the rapid

development of the field within the last five decades.

Compared to many of the volumes in the Landolt-Brnstein Series published in the past, the present

publication in the group Advanced Materials and Technologies is not only a compilation of numerical

data and functional relationships for practical purposes. Rather a comprehensive accompanying text is

intended to impart to the scientific or professional user of ÐRadiological ProtectionÑ both data, the

concepts and scientific bases of the discipline devoted to prevention of health risks to man from exposure

to ionizing radiations and radionuclides.

Conceptually, radiological protection is based on the principles of justification of any use of ionizing

radiation, of optimization of the application of radiation, and limitation of the radiation risk to man and

his environment by acceptable doses, so that use of radiation and radionuclides in scientific research,

medicine, technique and daily life is always of net benefit to man.

Since findings of various scientific disciplines such as medicine, biology, biophysics, nuclear physics and

techniques are the basis for radiological protection, multidisciplinary knowledge of fundamentals of these

disciplines is necessary for an effective protection of man against health effects of ionizing radiations.

Consequently, the present volume contains contributions of experts internationally qualified in scientific

disciplines or subjects such as radiation physics, biology and medicine, external and internal dosimetry of

ionizing radiation and radionuclides, decontamination and decorporation of radionuclides, or physical

and biological measuring techniques. Although a previous volume in the Landolt-Brnstein Series has

already considered shielding against high energy radiation such as of accelerators or of cosmic origin the

specific item of assessment of radiation shielding was treated, too, however restricted to an extent being

necessary for completion of tasks of practical radiological protection, specifically in the field of lower

energies.

The present volume addresses to

•

those already working in radiological protection, under the aspect of making available to them

numerical data and functional relationships e.g. on assessment of radiation doses from external and

internal sources, or with the aim of further education and impartation of most recent knowledge in

radiological protection and scientific disciplines behind;

•

those participating in post-graduate education programmes in radiological protection with the aim to

get a qualified expert e.g. in medical radiation physics, or as an employee in a competent national

authority for health protection;

•

newcomers in the field of radiological protection to submit necessary knowledge on bases and

practices of this discipline;

•

advanced students of physics, techniques or medicine with special interest in a later professional

occupation as health physicists, engineers or technicians;

•

physicians practising in X-ray diagnostics, radiation oncology and nuclear medicine with special

interest in medical radiological protection.

In the hardcopy of the present volume a CD-ROM is included containing:

the full text in the multi-platform Adobe-Acrobat(pdf)-format with searchable fulltext index and

additional information and data, which would be beyond the scope of the printed version, within the

interactive programme SISy (for MS-Windows only). These refer e.g. to decay data of radionuclides

or normalized excretion functions for monitoring workers by quantitative assessment of intakes of

radionuclides and calculation of resulting doses.

For further numerical data such as dose coefficients for intake of radionuclides by workers or members of

the public that are available from publications e.g. of the International Commission on Radiological

Protection ICRP or of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements ICRU either

as hardcopies or in the Internet are not contained on the CD-ROM. The reader is referred to the relevant

original sources.

The editors of the present volume want to thank the authors of the contributions for their careful work,

the Editor in Chief of the Landolt-Brnstein Series, Prof. Dr. W. Martienssen, for having put

"Radiological Protection" on the list of volumes to be prepared for the New Series, and the Publisher,

especially Drs. Ch. Meier and R. Poerschke from the editorial office for their permanent and very active

engagement in realizing the present opus.

The Editors

Braunschweig/Salzgitter, 2004

•

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