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The

NONVERBAL

DICTIONARY

GESTURES, SIGNS

BODY LANGUAGE CUES

From Adam's-Apple-Jump to Zygomatic Smile

By David B. Givens

(Spokane, Washington: Center for Nonverbal Studies Press)

Items in this Dictionary have been researched by anthropologists, archaeologists,

biologists, linguists, psychiatrists, psychologists, semioticians, and others who have

studied human communication from a scientific point of view. Every effort has

been made to cite their work in the text. Definitions, meanings, and interpretations

left uncredited are those of the author. Gestures and consumer products with

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current trademark registrations are identified with the ® symbol.

Entries in The Dictionary .

There have been many who, not knowing how to mingle the useful and the pleasing in the

right proportions, have had all their toil and pains for nothing . . . --Cervantes ( Don Quixote )

Dedication

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"Highly recommended" -- New Scientist

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"Site of the Day Award" --WWW Virtual Library

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adajum

ADAM'S-APPLE-JUMP

Body movement . 1. A conspicuous up-and-down motion of the Adam's apple. 2. A movement of the

throat visible while gulping or swallowing, as in nervousness.

Usage : The Adam's-apple-jump is an unconscious sign of emotional anxiety, embarrassment, or stress.

At a business meeting, e.g., a listener's Adam's apple may inadvertently jump should he or she dislike or

strongly disagree with a speaker's suggestion, perspective, or point of view.

U.S. politics . The Adam's apple gained it's 15 minutes of fame when former Vice President James

Danforth Quayle's thyroid cartilage "jumped" in the 1988 vice-presidential debates, as he listened to his

opponent, Lloyd Bentsen's pointed claim: "Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy!"

RESEARCH REPORTS : 1. Swallowing "associates well with flight and submission " (Grant 1969:528).

2. Stimulating the emotionally sensitive amygdala can cause involuntary body movements "associated

with olfaction and eating, such as licking, chewing, and swallowing" (Guyton 1996:758-59).

Anatomy . Anxiety, social discomfort (e.g., embarrassment), and fear are often visible in unwitting,

vertical movements of a projection at the front of the throat called the laryngeal prominence , where the

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largest (or thyroid ) cartilage of the Adam's apple shows, prominently in men, but less noticeably in

women.

Neuro-notes . Acting through the vagus nerve (cranial X), emotional tension from the brain's limbic

system causes unconscious muscular contractions of the sternothyroid , thyrohyoid , and associated

inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles of the Adam's apple. Movement is evident as the muscles

contract to swallow, to throat-clear , or to vocalize an objection which may be left unsaid. The Adam's

apple is emotionally responsive (i.e., reflects visceral or "gut" feelings) because its muscles are mediated

by the vagus, which is one of five special visceral nerves .

Synonym --Gulping. See also NECK DIMPLE , NECKWEAR , PALM-UP , SHOULDER-SHRUG .

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