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V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress
V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft: Background
and Issues for Congress
Ronald O'Rourke
Specialist in Naval Affairs
September 16, 2009
Congressional Research Service
7-5700
www.crs.gov
RL31384
CRS Report for Congress
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress
V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress
Summary
The V-22 Osprey is a tilt-rotor aircraft that takes off and lands vertically like a helicopter and flies
forward like an airplane. Department of Defense (DOD) plans call for procuring a total of 458 V-
22s—360 MV-22s for the Marine Corps; 50 CV-22 special operations variants for U.S. Special
Operations Command, or USSOCOM (funded jointly by the Air Force and USSOCOM); and 48
HV-22s for the Navy.
Through FY2009, a total of 181 V-22s have been procured—155 MV-22s for the Marine Corps,
and 26 CV-22s for USSOCOM. These totals include several V-22s that have been procured in
recent years through supplemental appropriations bills.
The proposed FY2010 budget requests funding for the procurement of 30 MV-22s and five CV-
22s. The budget requests about $2.3 billion in procurement and advance procurement funding for
procurement of MV-22s, and about $565 million in procurement and advance procurement
funding for procurement of CV-22s.
For FY2010, the V-22 program poses potential a number of potential oversight issues for
Congress, including the aircraft’s reliability and maintainability.
A June 23, 2009, hearing before the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee
reviewed a number of issues concerning the V-22 program, including the aircraft’s reliability and
maintainability.
FY2010 defense authorization bill:
The House Armed Services Committee, in its report
(H.Rept. 111-166 of June 18, 2009) on the FY2010 defense authorization bill (H.R. 2647), and
the Senate Armed Services Committee, in Division D of the FY2010 defense authorization bill (S.
1390) as reported by the committee (S.Rept. 111-35 of July 2, 2009), both recommend approving
the administration’s FY2010 request for procurement and advance procurement funding for the
procurement of MV-22s and CV-22s.
FY2010 DOD appropriations bill:
The House and Senate Appropriations Committees, in their
reports (H.Rept. 111-230 of July 24, 2009 and S.Rept. 111-74 of September 10, 2009,
respectively) on the FY2010 defense appropriations bill (H.R. 3326), both recommend approving
the administration’s FY2010 request for procurement and advance procurement funding for the
procurement of MV-22s and CV-22s.
Congressional Research Service
V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress
Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1
Background ................................................................................................................................ 1
The V-22 In Brief .................................................................................................................. 1
Intended Missions ................................................................................................................. 2
Key Contractors .................................................................................................................... 3
Procurement Quantities ......................................................................................................... 3
Total Quantities............................................................................................................... 3
Annual Quantities ........................................................................................................... 3
Multiyear Procurement (MYP) for FY2008-FY2012 ............................................................. 4
Cost and Funding .................................................................................................................. 4
Total Program Cost ......................................................................................................... 4
Prior-Year Funding.......................................................................................................... 5
FY2010 Funding Request................................................................................................ 5
Program History and Milestones ........................................................................................... 5
Initial Deployments............................................................................................................... 6
Foreign Military Sales........................................................................................................... 7
GAO Assessments.................................................................................................................7
March 2009 GAO Report ................................................................................................ 7
May 2009 GAO Report ................................................................................................... 8
Issues For Congress .................................................................................................................... 9
Aircraft Reliability and Maintainability ................................................................................. 9
May 2009 Navy and Marine Corps Testimony................................................................. 9
May 2009 GAO Report ................................................................................................. 10
Press Articles ................................................................................................................ 13
Readiness For Higher Production Rate ................................................................................ 15
Operational Capabilities ...................................................................................................... 15
June 23, 2009, Hearing on V-22 Program ............................................................................ 19
Legislative Activity in 2009 ...................................................................................................... 20
FY2010 Funding Request for Procurement of V-22s ............................................................ 20
FY2010 Defense Authorization Bill (H.R. 2647/S. 1390) .................................................... 21
House ...........................................................................................................................21
Senate ........................................................................................................................... 21
FY2010 DOD Appropriations Bill (H.R. 3326).................................................................... 22
House ...........................................................................................................................22
Senate ........................................................................................................................... 22
FY2009 Supplemental Appropriations Act (H.R. 2346/P.L. 111-32)..................................... 22
Request.........................................................................................................................22
House ...........................................................................................................................22
Senate ........................................................................................................................... 22
Conference.................................................................................................................... 22
Figures
Figure 1. MV-22 Osprey.............................................................................................................. 2
Congressional Research Service
V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress
Tables
Table 1. Annual V-22 Procurement Quantities ............................................................................. 4
Appendixes
Appendix A. June 23, 2009, Hearing on V-22 Program.............................................................. 23
Appendix B. V-22 Program History........................................................................................... 39
Appendix C. General Arguments Made by Supporters and Opponents of the V-22 ..................... 47
Contacts
Author Contact Information ......................................................................................................48
Congressional Research Service
V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress
Introduction
The V-22 Osprey is a tilt-rotor aircraft that takes off and lands vertically like a helicopter and flies
forward like an airplane. Department of Defense (DOD) plans call for procuring a total of 458 V-
22s—360 MV-22s for the Marine Corps; 50 CV-22 special operations variants for U.S. Special
Operations Command, or USSOCOM (funded jointly by the Air Force and USSOCOM); and 48
HV-22s for the Navy.
Through FY2009, a total of 181 V-22s have been procured—155 MV-22s for the Marine Corps
and 26 CV-22s for USSOCOM. These totals include several V-22s that have been procured in
recent years through supplemental appropriations bills.
The proposed FY2010 budget requests funding for the procurement of 30 MV-22s and five CV-
22s. The budget requests about $2.3 billion in procurement and advance procurement funding for
procurement of MV-22s, and about $565 million in procurement and advance procurement
funding for procurement of CV-22s.
For FY2010, the V-22 program poses potential a number of potential oversight issues for
Congress, including the aircraft’s reliability and maintainability.
A June 23, 2009, hearing before the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee
reviewed a number of issues concerning the V-22 program, including the aircraft’s reliability and
maintainability.
Background
The V-22 In Brief
The V-22 Osprey is a tilt-rotor aircraft that takes off and lands vertically like a helicopter and flies
forward like an airplane. For taking off and landing, the aircraft’s two wingtip-mounted engine
nacelles are rotated (i.e., tilted) upward, so that the rotors function like a helicopter’s rotor blades.
For forward flight, the nacelles are rotated 90 degrees forward, so that the rotors function like an
airplane’s propellers. The Navy states that the V-22 “performs VTOL [vertical takeoff and
landing] missions as effectively as a conventional helicopter while also having the long-range
cruise abilities of a twin turboprop aircraft.”
1
The MV-22 is designed to transport 24 fully equipped Marines at a cruising speed of about 250
knots (about 288 mph), exceeding the performance of the Marine Corps CH-46 medium-lift
assault helicopters that MV-22s are to replace. The CV-22 has about 90% airframe commonality
with the MV-22; the primary differences between the two variants are in their avionics. The CV-
22 is designed to carry 18 troops, with auxiliary fuel tanks increasing the aircraft’s combat radius
to about 500 miles.
1
U.S. Navy Fact File, “V-22A Osprey tilt rotor aircraft,” available at http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?
cid=1200&tid=800&ct=1&page=1.
Congressional Research Service
1
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