RPM-HOWTO(1).pdf

RPM HOWTO

RPM at Idle

Donnie Barnes

Red Hat, Inc.

djb@redhat.com

Revision History

Revision V3.0

3 November 1999

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RPM HOWTO

Table of Contents

1. Introduction. ....................................................................................................................................................1

2. Overview. .........................................................................................................................................................2

3. General Information. ......................................................................................................................................3

3.1. Acquiring RPM. ................................................................................................................................3

3.2. RPM Requirements. ..........................................................................................................................3

4. Using RPM. ......................................................................................................................................................4

5. Now what can I really do with RPM?. ..........................................................................................................5

6. Building RPMs. ...............................................................................................................................................7

6.1. The Spec File. ...................................................................................................................................7

6.2. The Header. .......................................................................................................................................8

6.3. Prep. ..................................................................................................................................................9

6.4. Build. ...............................................................................................................................................10

6.5. Install. .............................................................................................................................................10

6.6. Cleaning your system. .....................................................................................................................11

6.7. Optional pre and post Install/Uninstall Scripts. ..............................................................................11

6.8. Files. ................................................................................................................................................11

6.9. Changelog. ......................................................................................................................................12

7. Building It. .....................................................................................................................................................13

7.1. The Source Directory Tree.. ............................................................................................................13

7.2. Test Building.. .................................................................................................................................13

7.3. Generating the File List. .................................................................................................................13

7.4. Building the Package with RPM. ....................................................................................................13

7.5. Testing It. ........................................................................................................................................14

7.6. What to do with your new RPMs. ...................................................................................................14

7.7. What Now?. ....................................................................................................................................14

8. Multi−architectural RPM Building. ............................................................................................................15

8.1. Sample spec File. ............................................................................................................................15

8.2. Optflags. ..........................................................................................................................................16

8.3. Macros. ............................................................................................................................................16

8.4. Excluding Architectures from Packages. ........................................................................................16

8.5. Finishing Up ...................................................................................................................................16

1. Introduction

RPM is the R PM P ackage M anager. It is an open packaging system available for anyone to use. It allows

users to take source code for new software and package it into source and binary form such that binaries can

be easily installed and tracked and source can be rebuilt easily. It also maintains a database of all packages

and their files that can be used for verifying packages and querying for information about files and/or

packages.

Red Hat, Inc. encourages other distribution vendors to take the time to look at RPM and use it for their own

distributions. RPM is quite flexible and easy to use, though it provides the base for a very extensive system. It

is also completely open and available, though we would appreciate bug reports and fixes. Permission is

granted to use and distribute RPM royalty free under the GPL.

More complete documentation is available on RPM in the book by Ed Bailey, Maximum RPM . That book is

available for download or purchase at www.redhat.com .

1. Introduction

2. Overview

First, let me state some of the philosophy behind RPM. One design goal was to allow the use of "pristine"

sources. With RPP (our former packaging system of which none of RPM is derived), our source packages

were the "hacked" sources that we built from.

Theoretically, one could install a source RPP and then make it with no problems. But the sources were not the

original ones, and there was no reference as to what changes we had to make to get it to build. One had to

download the pristine sources separately. With RPM, you have the pristine sources along with patches that we

used to compile from. We see this as a big advantage. Why? Several reasons. For one, if a new version of a

program comes out, you don't necessarily have to start from scratch to get it to compile under RHL. You can

look at the patch to see what you might need to do. All the compile−in defaults are easily visible this way.

RPM is also designed to have powerful querying options. You can do searches through your entire database

for packages or just certain files. You can also easily find out what package a file belongs to and where it

came from. The RPM files themselves are compressed archives, but you can query individual packages easily

and quickly because of a custom binary header added to the package with everything you could possibly need

to know contained in uncompressed form. This allows for fast querying.

Another powerful feature is the ability to verify packages. If you are worried that you deleted an important file

for some package, just verify it. You will be notified of any anomalies. At that point, you can reinstall the

package if necessary. Any config files that you had are preserved as well.

We would like to thank the folks from the BOGUS distribution for many of their ideas and concepts that are

included in RPM. While RPM was completely written by Red Hat, Inc., its operation is based on code written

by BOGUS (PM and PMS).

2. Overview

3. General Information

3.1. Acquiring RPM

The best way to get RPM is to install Red Hat Linux. If you don't want to do that, you can still get and use

RPM. It can be acquired from ftp.redhat.com .

3.2. RPM Requirements

RPM itself should build on basically any Unix−like system. It has been built and used on Tru64 Unix, AIX,

Solaris, SunOS, and basically all flavors of Linux.

To build RPMs from source, you also need everything normally required to build a package, like gcc , make ,

etc.

3. General Information

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