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MICROCONTROLLERS & EMBEDDED
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ANALOGUE
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AUDIO
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DIGITAL
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TE S T &
MEASUREMENT
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February 2012 AUS$ 14.90 - NZ$ 17.90 - SAR 105.95 - NOK 102 £ 4.90
A Serial Interface
for Android
Smartphones and Tablets
www.elektor.com
AndroPOD
+
Bit-banging the FTDI-USB Module
unravelled and applied to a keyless entry control panel
Pico C-Plus
& Pico C-Super
Our ‘small-C’ meter upgraded in two ways
+
Emergency Generator Load Meter
No-break AC power for your home
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Turn a
idea
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cool
solution.
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™
Challenge
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Visit
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today to join the fun!
When you submit a proposal for an energy-effi cient design, your
project will automatically be considered for a chipKIT
™
Community
Choice Award.* In February, participants of the chipKIT
™
Challenge
will have the opportunity to vote on what project they think is the best.
If your project receives the most votes, you will win a $100 voucher
for RS Components/Allied Electronics and a free digital subscription
to
Circuit Cellar
and
Elektor
magazines!
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* Participation in the Community Choice Awards does not increase your chances of
winning the Grand Prize with your Final Project(s) submission. The deadline for Final
Project submissions is March 27, 2012. See website for more information.
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Personal Download for I © Elektor
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All things considered
but measured irst
6
Colophon
Who’s who at Elektor.
It’s been noted frequently that elec-
tronic circuits are getting increasingly
complex in design and have a bad
tendency to attract microprocessors
for no apparent reason. It seems logical
because micros enable the amount
of hardware to be reduced drastically
while still offering lexibility in terms of
functionality of the circuit — in other
words, you just program in what you
think you might need. No soldering, no
parts purchasing.
Great, electronics gone all digital! Just
deal with ones and zeroes, no problems
with analogue signals that vary in level
just by pointing at a PCB track. Tough
luck. Any digital circuit that somehow
needs to communicate with the outside
world, is again using analogue signals.
It’s because our real world simply isn’t
digital — in between all kinds of extre-
mes like ‘on’ and ‘off’, ‘all’ and ‘nothing’,
‘hot’ and ‘cold’, ’dark’ and ‘light’, there’s
a whole range of gradations (well, with a
few exceptions).
So what does a digital circuit do to
communicate with the real world? The
analogue value measured by a sensor is
irst translated into a digital value (by an
A/D converter) before it can be proces-
sed by digital electronics. Likewise, at
the output of the circuit it is often neces-
sary to convert digital back to analogue,
usually with the help of a D/A converter
or a PWM control.
These considerations were spurred
by the very contents of this February
2012 edition, which contains several
projects that seem to happily combine
the analogue and digital realms. Fine
examples are the new software for the
enhanced Pico C meter, the interface
for wideband lambda probe, and the
dynamics processor discussed in the
Audio DSP Course. The above ADC-digi-
tal-DAC method applies to all of these,
and more. Never disregard the analogue
bits in your digital circuit — although not
MSB, they’re still highly signiicant.
8
News & New Products
A monthly roundup of all the latest in
electronics land.
12
DesignSpark
chipKIT
™
Design Challenge
A global electronics design competition
brought to you by Circuit Cellar, Elektor
and RS Components.
13
From Breadboard to PCB
From now on, Elektor PCB Service is the
one-stop shop for printed circuit boards
14
AndroPod (1)
This Elektor-developed board adds TTL
and RS485 connectivity to your Android
smartphone or tablet.
22
Pico C-Plus and Pico C-Super
New software has been developed for
the Elektor Pico C meter, giving it a vastly
extended capacitance range as well as
some extra features like a frequency
meter.
28
.Net-MF for Electronics Engineers
Microsoft’s new platform for 16-, 3-2 and
64-bit system is off to a promising start,
mostly due to a number of FEZ modules.
We looked at four of these.
32
Wideband Lambda probe
Interface (2)
This month we look at the protocol used
by the probe to communicate with a
computer or microcontroller.
36
PicoScope 2205-MSO Grilled
A review of the latest sub £400 mixed
signal oscilloscope from Pico Technology.
38
Eclipse Sensor
This instrument was speciically
developed to measure sky brightness
during a (partial) solar eclipse.
43
E-Labs Inside: leading down to zero
How one of our editors won a soldering
contest by accident.
44
The many faces of Elektor
A photo impression of activities and
visitors at the Elektor Live! 2011 event.
Enjoy reading this edition,
Jan Buiting, Managing Editor
4
02-2012 elektor
Personal Download for I © Elektor
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Volume 38
February 2012
no. 422
CONTENTS
46
E-Labs Inside:
chipKIT Max32 homework
Unexpected hiccups at a recent chipKIT
Design Challenge presentation turn out
quite useful for everyone.
14
AndroPod (1)
Up to now it has been rather dificult to connect Android-based smartphones
and tablets to external circuitry enabling us electronics folks to access signals
for control purposes. Elektor’s very own AndroPod interface board, which adds
a serial TTL port and an RS485 port to the picture, changes this situation.
48
Electronics for Starters (2)
This month’s course instalment deals with
transistors and their basic conigurations
in ampliier circuits.
52
Audio DSP Course (8)
In this inal instalment our DSP unit is
conigured and programmed to act as a
digital dynamics processor.
60
A Benchmark for
Microcontroller Development Kits
Is it possible to put numbers to the
ease of setting up a microcontroller
development kit to lash an LED? We think
it is and have devised the [hW] unit for
the purpose!
22
Pico C-Plus and Pico C-Super
Two new versions were developed of the software for Elektor’s famous ‘Pico C’
capacitance meter. Version ‘Pico C-Plus’ includes a signal generator function as
well as capacitance measurement and a simple period measurement function
based on the TLC555 oscillator. The second version, ‘Pico C-Super’, adds a fre-
quency counter and implements a full blown period counter.
64
Emergency Load Generator Meter
When the AC power grid is down, this
circuit tells you just far you can push your
emergency load generator in terms of
amps out.
67
Bit-banging the FTDI-USB Module
Little-seen bit programming of FTDI’s
FT223H module eventually culminates
in the design of a keyless entry control
panel.
28
.Net-MF for Electronics Engineers
The advantage of Microsoft’s ‘dot-net’ platform is the application source code
compatibility between different processors., allowing the same source code to
run equally well on a module using an NXP, Renesas, Atmel, etc. microcontrol-
ler and on a Windows, Mac or Linux PC computer using Mono, the multi-plat-
form open-source version of dot-net.
70
ROBBI the Robot
This cheerful looking robot head is
animated by a PIC microcontroller.
72
Hexadoku
Elektor’s monthly puzzle with an
electronics touch.
74
Retronics: Elektor ‘Consonant’
Control Preampliier (1978)
Series Editor: Jan Buiting
67
Bit-banging the FTDI-USB Module
77
Gerard’s Columns: The Money
Dance
The monthly contribution from our US
columnist Gerard Fonte.
This article describes the electrical design and software requirements for a key-
less entry control panel comprised of a numeric entry pad, an LCD display, relay
contacts for unlocking a door and a USB interface. Even though this writing will
delve into the inner workings of FTDI’s FT2232H and its Bit-bang Mode, under-
standing the technology will require neither an in-depth knowledge of USB nor
the use of a microcontroller!
84
Coming Attractions
Next month in Elektor magazine.
elektor 02-2012
5
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