Testkiller CISCO Study Guide Exam 640-503 Edition 2.pdf

CISCO

STUDY GUIDE

Building Scalable

Cisco Networks (BSCN)

Exam 640-503

Edition 2

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Table of Contents

Routing Principles........................................................................................................................... 1

Routing Metric ............................................................................................................................ 1

RIP Routing Metrics ............................................................................................................... 1

IGRP Routing Metrics ............................................................................................................1

Classful Routes ....................................................................................................................... 1

Classless Routing .................................................................................................................... 1

Distance Vector Operation...................................................................................................... 1

Convergence ............................................................................................................................... 1

EIGRP Convergence...............................................................................................................1

OSPF Convergence................................................................................................................. 2

IP Addresses.................................................................................................................................... 2

Current challenges in IP Addressing........................................................................................... 2

IP Addressing Solutions.............................................................................................................. 2

Hierarchical Addressing.......................................................................................................... 2

Variable Length Subnet Masks ............................................................................................... 2

Route Summarization.............................................................................................................. 2

CIDR ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Redistribution Implementation Guidelines ............................................................................. 3

NAT ........................................................................................................................................ 3

Using IP Unnumbered Serial Interface ....................................................................................... 3

Server Location........................................................................................................................... 3

OSPF ............................................................................................................................................... 3

Configuring OSPF in a Single Area............................................................................................ 3

OSPF Operation in a Broadcast Multiaccess Topology ......................................................... 4

OSPF Startup .......................................................................................................................... 4

OSPF over NBMA Topology ................................................................................................. 4

NBMA Mode Neighborship ................................................................................................... 5

Point-to-Multipoint Mode Neighborship ................................................................................ 5

Interconnecting Multiple OSPF Areas........................................................................................ 5

Multiple OSPF Areas .............................................................................................................. 5

Types of Routers ..................................................................................................................... 6

Types of Areas ........................................................................................................................ 6

Supporting Route Summarization........................................................................................... 6

EIGRP ............................................................................................................................................. 6

Configuring EIGRP .................................................................................................................... 6

EIGRP Operation .................................................................................................................... 6

EIGRP Packets........................................................................................................................ 6

EIGRP Reliability ................................................................................................................... 7

Topology Table....................................................................................................................... 7

Configuring EIGRP ................................................................................................................ 7

EIGRP Load Balancing........................................................................................................... 7

EIGRP and WAN Links.......................................................................................................... 7

EIGRP Link Utilization ..........................................................................................................7

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Using EIGRP in a Scalable Network ...................................................................................... 7

BGP................................................................................................................................................. 8

Configuring Basic Border Gateway Protocol ............................................................................. 8

BGP Use.................................................................................................................................. 8

When to use BGP.................................................................................................................... 8

When not to use BGP.............................................................................................................. 8

BGP Peers or Neighbors ......................................................................................................... 8

Policy-Based Routing ............................................................................................................. 8

Well Known Attributes ...........................................................................................................8

Optional Attributes.................................................................................................................. 9

Defined BGP Attributes..........................................................................................................9

BGP Synchronization.............................................................................................................. 9

BGP Message Types ...............................................................................................................9

Implementing BGP in Scalable Networks ................................................................................ 10

Route Reflectors.................................................................................................................... 10

Policy Control and Prefix Lists............................................................................................. 10

Optimizing Routing Update Operation ......................................................................................... 10

Redistribution............................................................................................................................ 10

Policy-based Routing ................................................................................................................ 10

Calculating cost for external routes .......................................................................................... 10

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Key Concepts

Building Scalable Cisco Networks (BSCN)

Routing Principles

Routing is a relay process in which items are forwarded from one location to another. The

mechanism of learning and maintaining awareness of the network topology is considered to be

the routing function.

Routing Metric

In a routed network the routing process relies on the routing protocol to maintain a loop-free to-

pology and to locate the best path to every destination network.

RIP Routing Metrics

RIP is a commonly used routing protocol in small to medium sized TCP/IP networks.

IGRP Routing Metrics

Cisco’s IGRP is a commonly used routing protocol in medium to large sized TCP/IP networks.

IGRP uses a composite metric, based upon bandwidth, delay, reliability, load, and maximum

transmission unit (MTU).

Classful Routes

Classful routing protocols, such as RIPv1 and IGRP, exchange routes to subnetworks within the

same major Class (A, B or C) network. Classful routing is the result of subnet masks not being

included in the routing advertisements generated by most distance vector routing protocols.

Classless Routing

Classless routing protocols can be considered second-generation protocols because they are de-

signed to deal with some of the limitations of the earlier classful protocols.

Distance Vector Operation

The periodic routine routing updates generated by most distance vector routing protocols go only

to directly connected routing devices.

Convergence

In a routed network, the routing process in each router must maintain a loop-free single path to

each possible destination logical network. When all the routing tables are synchronized and each

contains a usable route to each destination network, the network is converged.

EIGRP Convergence

A router running EIGRP uses reliable multicast messages when it sends queries and updates to

other routers.

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