SPSS_Base_Users_Guide_16.0.pdf

SPSS Base 16.0 User’s Guide

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SPSS Base 16.0 User’s Guide

Printed in the United States of America.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ISBN-13: 978-0-13-603600-5

ISBN-10: 0-13-603600-7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 10 09 08 07

Preface

SPSS 16.0

SPSS 16.0 is a comprehensive system for analyzing data. SPSS can take data from almost any

type of ﬁle and use them to generate tabulated reports, charts and plots of distributions and trends,

descriptive statistics, and complex statistical analyses.

This manual, the SPSS Base 16.0 User’s Guide , documents the graphical user interface of

SPSS. Examples using the statistical procedures found in SPSS Base 16.0 are provided in the

Help system, installed with the software. Algorithms used in the statistical procedures are

provided in PDF form and are available from the Help menu.

In addition, beneath the menus and dialog boxes, SPSS uses a command language. Some

extended features of the system can be accessed only via command syntax. (Those features are

not available in the Student Version.) Detailed command syntax reference information is available

in two forms: integrated into the overall Help system and as a separate document in PDF form in

the SPSS 16.0 Command Syntax Reference , also available from the Help menu.

SPSS Options

The following options are available as add-on enhancements to the full (not Student Version)

SPSS Base system:

SPSS Regression Models™ provides techniques for analyzing data that do not ﬁt traditional

linear statistical models. It includes procedures for probit analysis, logistic regression, weight

estimation, two-stage least-squares regression, and general nonlinear regression.

SPSS Advanced Models™ focuses on techniques often used in sophisticated experimental and

biomedical research. It includes procedures for general linear models (GLM), linear mixed

models, generalized linear models (GZLM), generalized estimating equations (GEE), variance

components analysis, loglinear analysis, actuarial life tables, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and

basic and extended Cox regression.

SPSS Tables™ creates a variety of presentation-quality tabular reports, including complex

stub-and-banner tables and displays of multiple-response data.

SPSS Trends™ performs comprehensive forecasting and time series analyses with multiple

curve-ﬁtting models, smoothing models, and methods for estimating autoregressive functions.

SPSS Categories® performs optimal scaling procedures, including correspondence analysis.

SPSS Conjoint™ provides a realistic way to measure how individual product attributes affect

consumer and citizen preferences. With SPSS Conjoint, you can easily measure the trade-off

effect of each product attribute in the context ofasetofproductattributes—asconsumersdo

when making purchasing decisions.

iii

SPSS Exact Tests™ calculates exact p values for statistical tests when small or very unevenly

distributed samples could make the usual tests inaccurate.

SPSS Missing Value Analysis™ describes patterns of missing data, estimates means and other

statistics, and imputes values for missing observations.

SPSS Maps™ turns your geographically distributed data into high-quality maps with symbols,

colors, bar charts, pie charts, and combinations of themes to present not only what is happening

but where it is happening.

SPSS Complex Samples™ allows survey, market, health, and public opinion researchers, as well

as social scientists who use sample survey methodology, to incorporate their complex sample

designs into data analysis.

SPSS Classification Trees™ creates a tree-based classiﬁcation model. It classiﬁes cases into groups

or predicts values of a dependent (target) variable based on values of independent (predictor)

variables. The procedure provides validation tools for exploratory and conﬁrmatory classiﬁcation

analysis.

SPSS Data Preparation™ provides a quick visual snapshot of your data. It provides the ability to

apply validation rules that identify invalid data values. You can create rules that ﬂag out-of-range

values, missing values, or blank values. You can also save variables that record individual rule

violations and the total number of rule violations per case. A limited set of predeﬁned rules that

you can copy or modify is provided.

Amos™ ( a nalysis of mo ment s tructures) uses structural equation modeling to conﬁrm and explain

conceptual models that involve attitudes, perceptions, and other factors that drive behavior.

The SPSS family of products also includes applications for data entry, text analysis, classiﬁcation,

neural networks, and predictive enterprise services.

Installation

To install the SPSS Base system, run the License Authorization Wizard using the authorization

code that you received from SPSS Inc. For more information, see the installation instructions

supplied with the SPSS Base system.

Compatibility

SPSS is designed to run on many computer systems. See the installation instructions that came

with your system for speciﬁc information on minimum and recommended requirements.

Serial Numbers

Your serial number is your identiﬁcation number with SPSS Inc. You will need this serial number

when you contact SPSS Inc. for information regarding support, payment, or an upgraded system.

The serial number was provided with your Base system.

Customer Service

If you have any questions concerning your shipment or account, contact your local ofﬁce, listed

on the SPSS Web site at http://www.spss.com/worldwide . Please have your serial number ready

for identiﬁcation.

Training Seminars

SPSS Inc. provides both public and onsite training seminars. All seminars feature

hands-on workshops. Seminars will be offered in major cities on a regular basis. For more

information on these seminars, contact your local ofﬁce,listedontheSPSSWebsiteat

http://www.spss.com/worldwide .

Technical Support

The services of SPSS Technical Support are available to maintenance customers. Customers

may contact Technical Support for assistance in using SPSS or for installation help for one

of the supported hardware environments. To reach Technical Support, see the SPSS Web

site at http://www.spss.com , or contact your local ofﬁce, listed on the SPSS Web site at

http://www.spss.com/worldwide . Be prepared to identify yourself, your organization, and the

serial number of your system.

Additional Publications

Additional copies of product manuals may be purchased directly from SPSS Inc. Visit the SPSS

Web Store a t http://www.spss.com/estore , or contact your local SPSS ofﬁce,listedontheSPSS

Web s i te a t http://www.spss.com/worldwide . For telephone orders in the United States and

Canada, call SPSS Inc. at 800-543-2185. For telephone orders outside of North America, contact

your local ofﬁce, listed on the SPSS Web site.

The SPSS Statistical Procedures Companion , by Marija Norušis, has been published by

Prentice Hall. A new version of this book, updated for SPSS 16.0, is planned. The SPSS

Advanced Statistical Procedures Companion , also based on SPSS 16.0, is forthcoming. The

SPSS Guide to Data Analysis for SPSS 16.0 is also in development. Announcements of

publications available exclusively through Prentice Hall will be available on the SPSS Web site at

http://www.spss.com/estore (select your home country, and then click Books ).

Tell Us Your Thoughts

Your comments are important. Please let us know about your experiences with SPSS products. We

especially like to hear about new and interesting applications using the SPSS Base system. Please

send e-mail to suggest@spss.com or write to SPSS Inc., Attn.: Director of Product Planning, 233

South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606-6412.

About This Manual

This manual documents the graphical user interface for the procedures included in the SPSS

Base system. Illustrations of dialog boxes are taken from SPSS. Detailed information about the

command syntax for features in the SPSS Base system is available in two forms: integrated into

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