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Sustainable Solar Housing: Strategies and Solutions
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Sustainable Solar Housing
Volume 1 – Strategies and Solutions
Edited by S. Robert Hastings and Maria Wall
London • Sterling, VA
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First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2007
Copyright © Solar Heating & Cooling Implementing Agreement on behalf of the International Energy
Agency, 2007
All rights reserved
Volume 1: ISBN-13: 978-1-84407-325-2
Volume 2: ISBN-13: 978-1-84407-326-9
Typeset by MapSet Ltd, Gateshead, UK
Printed and bound in the UK by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge
Cover design by Susanne Harris
Published by Earthscan on behalf of the International Energy Agency (IEA), Solar Heating & Cooling
Programme (SHC) and Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme
(ECBCS).
Disclaimer Notice: This publication has been compiled with reasonable skill and care. However,
neither the Publisher nor the IEA, SHC or ECBCS make any representation as to the adequacy or
accuracy of the information contained herein, or as to its suitability for any particular application, and
accept no responsibility or liability arising out of the use of this publication. The information contained
herein does not supersede the requirements given in any national codes, regulations or standards, and
should not be regarded as a substitute for the need to obtain specific professional advice for any partic-
ular application.
Experts from the following countries contributed to the writing of this book: Austria, Belgium, Canada,
Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland.
For a full list of Earthscan publications please contact:
Earthscan
8–12 Camden High Street
London, NW1 0JH, UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 7387 8558
Fax: +44 (0)20 7387 8998
Email: earthinfo@earthscan.co.uk
Web: www.earthscan.co.uk
22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166-2012, USA
Earthscan is an imprint of James and James (Science Publishers) Ltd and publishes in association with
the International Institute for Environment and Development
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for
The paper used for this book is FSC-certified and
totally chlorine-free. FSC (the Forest Stewardship Council)
is an international network to promote responsible
management of the world’s forests.
 
Contents
List of Contributors
vii
List of Figures and Tables
ix
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
xxi
INTRODUCTION
I.1 Evolution of high-performance housing
1
I.3 Targets
4
Part I STRATEGIES
1
Introduction
9
2
Energy
11
2.1 Introduction
11
2.2 Conserving energy
12
2.3 Passive solar contribution in high-performance housing
14
2.4 Using daylight
20
2.5 Using active solar energy
28
2.6 Producing remaining energy efficiently
32
3
Ecology
37
3.1 Introduction
37
3.2 Cumulative energy demand (CED)
39
3.3 Life-cycle analysis (LCA)
42
3.4 Architecture towards sustainability (ATS)
46
4
Economics of High-Performance Houses
51
4.1 Introduction
51
4.2 Cost assessment of high-performance components
52
4.3 Additional expenses
59
4.4 Summary and outlook
61
5
Multi-Criteria Decisions
63
5.1 Introduction
63
5.2 Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods
63
5.3 Total quality assessment (TQA)
70
Foreword
v
I.2 Scope of this book
4
 
iv S USTAINABLE S OLAR H OUSING
6
Marketing Sustainable Housing
77
6.1 Sustainable housing: The next growth business
77
6.2 Tools
79
6.3 A case study: Marketing new passive houses in Konstanz, Rothenburg, Switzerland
81
6.4 Lessons learned from marketing stories
89
Part II SOLUTIONS
7
Solution Examples
95
7.1 Introduction
95
7.2 Reference buildings based on national building codes, 2001
96
7.3 Targets for space heating demand
98
7.4 Target for non-renewable primary energy demand
99
8
Cold Climates
103
8.1 Cold climate design
103
8.2 Single family house in the Cold Climate Conservation Strategy
114
8.3 Single family house in the Cold Climate Renewable Energy Strategy
124
8.4 Row house in the Cold Climate Conservation Strategy
133
8.5 Row house in the Cold Climate Renewable Energy Strategy
142
8.6 Apartment building in the Cold Climate Conservation Strategy
150
8.7 Apartment building in the Cold Climate Renewable Energy Strategy
156
8.8 Apartment buildings in cold climates: Sunspaces
171
9
Temperate Climates
179
9.1 Temperate climate design
179
9.2 Single family house in the Temperate Climate Conservation Strategy
186
9.3 Single family house in the Temperate Climate Renewable Energy Strategy
196
9.4 Row house in the Temperate Climate Conservation Strategy
202
9.5 Row house in the Temperate Climate Renewable Energy Strategy
211
9.6 Life-cycle analysis for row houses in a temperate climate
221
9.7 Apartment building in the Temperate Climate Conservation Strategy
226
9.8 Apartment building in the Temperate Climate Renewable Energy Strategy
232
10 Mild Climates
237
10.2 Single family house in the Mild Climate Conservation Strategy
237
10.3 Single family house in the Mild Climate Renewable Energy Strategy
248
10.4 Row house in the Mild Climate Conservation Strategy
254
10.5 Row house in the Mild Climate Renewable Energy Strategy
260
Appendix 2 Primary Energy and CO 2 Conversion Factors
265
Appendix 3 Definition of Solar Fraction
283
Appendix 4 The International Energy Agency
285
10.1 Mild climate design
242
Appendix 1 Reference Buildings: Constructions and Assumptions
279
 

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