fm 3-07 Stability Operations and Support Operations.pdf

FM 3-07 (FM 100-20)

Stability Operations

and

Support Operations

FEBRUARY 2003

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION : Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

*FM 3-07 (FM 100-20)

Field Manual

Headquarters

No. 3-07

Department of the Army

Washington, DC, 20 February 2003

Stability Operations and Support Operations

Contents

Page

PREFACE ............................................................................................................... iv

Chapter 1

OVERVIEW ...........................................................................................................1-1

Stability Operations Overview ...............................................................................1-3

Support Operations Overview...............................................................................1-5

Historical Context ..................................................................................................1-7

Contemporary Situation ........................................................................................1-8

United States Policy ............................................................................................1-11

The Army Role ....................................................................................................1-12

Battlefield Organization .......................................................................................1-13

Characteristics ....................................................................................................1-15

Foundations ........................................................................................................1-19

Chapter 2

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS ..........................................................................2-1

Maneuver ..............................................................................................................2-1

Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance ..................................................2-2

Fire Support ..........................................................................................................2-6

Air Defense ...........................................................................................................2-7

Mobility/Countermobility/Survivability....................................................................2-8

Logistics and Combat Service Support...............................................................2-10

Command and Control ........................................................................................2-12

Other Planning Considerations ...........................................................................2-13

Chapter 3

FOREIGN INTERNAL DEFENSE .......................................................................3-0

Categories of FID Operations ...............................................................................3-1

Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

_________

*This publication supercedes FM 100-20/AF Pam 3-20; 5 December 1990, FM 100-23; December 1994, FM 90-

29; 17 October 1994, and FM 100-19/FMFM 7-10; July 1993.

FM 3-07 __________________________________________________________________________________

The Nature of Counterinsurgency ....................................................................... 3-3

Planning Considerations for FID ......................................................................... 3-7

Chapter 4

PEACE OPERATIONS ....................................................................................... 4-1

Forms of Peace Operations................................................................................. 4-2

Peacekeeping ...................................................................................................... 4-3

Peace Enforcement Operations .......................................................................... 4-6

Operations in Support of Diplomatic Efforts ...................................................... 4-11

Concept of Employment .................................................................................... 4-12

Fundamentals of Peace Operations.................................................................. 4-13

Command and Control ...................................................................................... 4-19

Intelligence......................................................................................................... 4-21

Information Operations ...................................................................................... 4-24

Civil Law and Order ........................................................................................... 4-26

Logistics............................................................................................................. 4-27

Force Protection ................................................................................................ 4-28

Chapter 5

ADDITIONAL STABILITY OPERATIONS .......................................................... 5-1

Security Assistance ............................................................................................. 5-1

Humanitarian and Civic Assistance..................................................................... 5-5

Support to Insurgency ......................................................................................... 5-6

Support to Counterdrug Operations .................................................................... 5-6

Combatting Terrorism........................................................................................ 5-11

Noncombatant Evacuation Operations.............................................................. 5-13

Arms Control...................................................................................................... 5-16

Show of Force.................................................................................................... 5-17

Chapter 6

SUPPORT OPERATIONS .................................................................................. 6-1

Domestic Support Operations ............................................................................. 6-1

Foreign Humanitarian Assistance ....................................................................... 6-8

Forms of Support Operations .............................................................................. 6-9

Appendix A

INTERAGENCY COORDINATION ..................................................................... A-0

National Level ...................................................................................................... A-0

Domestic Relief Operations................................................................................. A-1

Foreign Operations .............................................................................................. A-3

Civil-Military Operations Center......................................................................... A-15

Liaison ............................................................................................................... A-17

_________________________________________________________________________________ Contents

Appendix B

THE LAW IN STABILITY OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS ...... B-1

Applicable Bodies of Law .....................................................................................B-1

Legal and Regulatory Considerations..................................................................B-3

War Powers Resolution .......................................................................................B-7

Claims Administration ..........................................................................................B-8

Use of Chemical Herbicides and Riot Control Agents .........................................B-8

Appendix C

RULES OF ENGAGEMENT ............................................................................... C-1

Basis of ROE....................................................................................................... C-2

Elements of Self Defense ................................................................................... C-2

Characteristics of Effective ROE......................................................................... C-2

Standing Rules of Engagement .......................................................................... C-3

Interpret, Draft, Disseminate, Train Method........................................................ C-3

Appendix D

CHARACTERISTICS OF INSURGENCY .......................................................... D-1

Leadership .......................................................................................................... D-1

Ideology............................................................................................................... D-2

Objectives ........................................................................................................... D-3

Environment and Geography .............................................................................. D-3

External Support ................................................................................................. D-5

Phasing and Timing ............................................................................................ D-5

Organizational and Operational Patterns............................................................ D-6

Appendix E

NEGOTIATIONS ..................................................................................................E-0

Considerations .....................................................................................................E-0

Procedures...........................................................................................................E-1

Training ................................................................................................................E-5

Appendix F

REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS ........................................................F-0

Role of the UNHCR..............................................................................................F-0

US Army Internment and Resettlement Operations ............................................F-1

Displaced Populations .........................................................................................F-1

Responsibilities of States .....................................................................................F-3

Nongovernmental Organizations .........................................................................F-3

Population Movement ..........................................................................................F-4

Special Considerations ........................................................................................F-4

GLOSSARY .............................................................................................Glossary-0

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................ Bibliography-1

INDEX ........................................................................................................... Index-1

iii

Preface

Field Manual (FM) 3-07, Stability Operations and Support Operations, is Tier 1

(principal) doctrine. This manual discusses distinct characteristics of stability

operations and support operations, together with doctrinal foundations that

facilitate their accomplishment. It amplifies FM 3-0 Chapters 9 and 10. FM 3-07

is conceptual, aiming more at broad understanding than at details of operations.

SCOPE

This manual provides the analytical tools needed to evaluate a stability

operation or a support operation. Chapter 1 broadly defines stability operations

and support operations. It gives historical examples and provides insight into the

contemporary situation. It describes both US policies relating to these actions

and the Army’s role in them. Chapter 2 discusses planning considerations.

Chapters 3 and 4 discuss foreign internal defense and peace operations

respectively. Chapter 5 covers additional stability operations not previously

discussed, to include counterdrug operations. Chapter 6 discusses the two types

and four forms of support operations.

APPLICABILITY

This manual applies to commanders and staffs at all echelons. It addresses the

tasks associated with conducting (planning, preparing, executing, and assessing)

stability operations and support operations. Tactics, techniques, and procedures

(TTP) for specific types of operations in peace and conflict and the application of

combined arms and services to them are found in other joint and Army public-

ations. Users should still consult JP 3-07 series of manuals for specific joint infor-

mation.

ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS

Cross-references use the new field manual numbering system. The bibliography

lists field manuals by new number followed by old number.

Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns or pronouns do not

refer exclusively to men.

Within this manual, the United States is understood to refer to the United States

and its territories.

Within this manual, the term “president” refers to the president and his dele-

gated representatives.

Stability operations and support operations require soldiers to interact with the

populace in the area of operations to a greater extent than in offensive and defen-

sive operations. In a combat situation, most people can be classified as enemies

or noncombatants. However, during most support operations and many stability

operations, this classification is not precise enough. FM 3-07 uses several terms

to categorize people in the area of operations. Each term describes the relation-

ship between the individual or group and the Army force. Together, they provide

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