The Atari BASIC Source Book.pdf

From COMPUTE! Books and

Optimized Systems Software, Inc.

The AtarrBASIC

SOURCE

Compiled by Bill Wilkinson

Optimized Systems Software, Inc.

With the assistance of

Kath leen O'Brien and Paul Laughton

ATARI is a registered trademark of Atari. Inc.

800

COMPUTE! Books is a division of COMPUTE! Publications, Inc., a subsidiary of

American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.

Editorial mailing address is :

PO Box 5406

Greensboro, NC 27403 USA

(919) 275-9809

Optimized Systems Services, In c., is loca ted at :

10379 Lansdale Avenue

Cupertino, CA 95014 USA

(408) 446-3099

All reasonable care has bee n taken in the wri ting, tes ting, and co rrecting of the text and

of the software within this book. There is, however, no expressed or implied warra nty

of any kind from the authors or publishers with res pect to the text or software herein

contained . In the event of any d amages resu ltin g from the use of the text or the soft-

ware in this book, or from undocumente d or doc umented manufacturer's changes in

Atari BASIC made before or aft er the publication of this book, the authors or publishers

shall be in no sense liable.

rights reserved .

Reproduction or translation of a ny part of this work beyond th at permitted by secti ons

107 and 108 of the United States Copyrig ht Ac t wi thout the permission of the copyright

owner is unlawful.

Printed in the United States of America

ISBN 0-942386-15-9

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Table of Contents

Publisher's Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. v

Acknowledgments ............. . .. .. ... .. . . . . .. ....... Vll

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX

Part One: Inside Atari BASIC

(

1 Atari BASIC: A High-level Language Translator. . . . . .. 1

2 Internal Design Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7

3 Memory Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13

4 Program Editor .. . ..... .................... . . .. ... 25

5 The Pre-compiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33

6 Execution Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49

7 Execute Expression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55

8 Execution Boundary Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71

9 Program Flow Control Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 75

10 Tokenized Program Save and Load .. . .... . ... ... .... 81

11 The LIST and ENTER Statements .......... ...... ... 85

12 Atari Hardware Control Statements ... ..... . ... . . .. . 91

13 External Data 110 Statements ....... . .......... ..... 95

14 Internal 110 Statements . . .. ....... . ... .. ... .... .. .. 103

15 Miscellaneous Statements . .. . .. .... . .... ...... .. . .. 105

16 Initialization .......... . . .. ...... . ..... . ...........109

Part Two: Directly Accessing Atari BASIC

Introduction to Part Two .... .. . . ... ..... ... ............113

1 Hexadecimal Numbers ...... . .... . ......... . .......115

2 PEEKing and POKEing ......... ... . .. . .. ..........119

3 Listing Variables in Use .... . ......... . .. . ........ .. 123

4 Variable Values .. . .. . ............. ... .... . .. . ......125

5 Examining the Statement Table ... .. ........ . .......129

6 Viewing the Runtime Stack ..... . .... . . . .......... .. 133

7 Fixed Tokens . . ......... . . . . . ................ .. ....135

8 What Takes Precedence? . .. . . .... ... . ...... . .. . ... . 137

9 Using What We Know .. . . . . . ...... . ... . ..... . .....139

Part Three: Atari BASIC Source Code

Source Code Listing .... .. .. . .. .... . .. ..... . ........ .. . 143

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