6502_Assembly_Language_Subroutines.pdf

6502

Assembly Language

Subroutines

Lance A. Leventhal

Winthrop Saville

OSBORNE/McGraw-Hill

Berkeley, California

Disclaimer of Warranties

and Limitation of Liabilities

The authors havetaken duecare in preparing this book and the programs

in it, including research, development, and testing to ascertain their

effectiveness. The authors and the publishers make no expressed or

implied warranty ofany kind with regard to these programs nor the sup

plementary documentation in this book. In no event shall the authors or

the publishers be liable for incidental or consequential damages in con

nection with or arising out ofthe furnishing, performance, or use ofany

of these programs.

Apple II is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.

Published by

Osborne/McGraw-Hill

2600 Tenth St.

Berkeley, California 94710

U.S.A.

For information on translations and book distributors outside ofthe U.S.A., please write OSBORNE/

McGraw-Hill at the above address.

6502 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE SUBROUTINES

Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part ofthis publication may be reproduced

or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the

prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be

entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication.

34567890 DODO 876543

ISBN 0-931988-59-4

Cover art by Jean Frega.

Text design by Paul Butzler.

Contents

Preface v

1 General Programming Methods 1

2 Implementing Additional Instructionsand AddressingModes 73

3 Common Programming Errors 133

Introduction to Program Section 157

4 Code Conversion 163

O Array Manipulation and Indexing 194

6 Arithmetic 230

7 Bit Manipulation and Shifts 306

8 StringManipulation 345

9 ArrayOperations 382

10 Input/Output 418

11 Interrupts 464

A 6502 Instruction Set Summary 505

B Programming Referenceforthe 6522 Versatile

Interface Adapter (VIA) 510

C ASCIICharacterSet 517

Glossary 519

Index 543

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