Beer - Crc Press, Brewing Science And Practice (2004).pdf

(9525 KB) Pobierz
Brewing.Science.and.Practice.eBook-EEn
141949915.001.png
Brewing
Science and practice
Dennis E. Briggs, Chris A. Boulton, Peter A. Brookes and
Roger Stevens
Copyright © 2004 Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press, LLC
141949915.002.png
PublishedbyWoodheadPublishingLimited,AbingtonHall,Abington
CambridgeCB16AH,England
www.woodhead-publishing.com
PublishedinNorthAmericabyCRCPressLLC,2000CorporateBlvd,NW
BocaRatonFL33431,USA
Firstpublished2004,WoodheadPublishingLimitedandCRCPressLLC
ß2004,DennisE.Briggs,ChrisA.Boulton,PeterA.BrookesandRogerStevens
Theauthorshaveassertedtheirmoralrights.
Thisbookcontainsinformationobtainedfromauthenticandhighlyregardedsources.Reprinted
materialisquotedwithpermission,andsourcesareindicated.Reasonableeffortshavebeen
madetopublishreliabledataandinformation,buttheauthorsandthepublisherscannotassume
responsibilityforthevalidityofallmaterials.Neithertheauthorsnorthepublishers,noranyone
elseassociatedwiththispublication,shallbeliableforanyloss,damageorliabilitydirectlyor
indirectlycausedorallegedtobecausedbythisbook.
Neitherthisbooknoranypartmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany
means,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,microfilming,andrecording,orby
anyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromthe
publishers.
TheconsentofWoodheadPublishingLimitedandCRCPressLLCdoesnotextendto
copyingforgeneraldistribution,forpromotion,forcreatingnewworks,orforresale.Specific
permissionmustbeobtainedinwritingfromWoodheadPublishingLimitedorCRCPressLLC
forsuchcopying.
Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks,and
areusedonlyforidentificationandexplanation,withoutintenttoinfringe.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.
WoodheadPublishingLimitedISBN1855734907(book)1855739062(e-book)
CRCPressISBN0-8493-2547-1
CRCPressordernumber:WP2547
Thepublisher'spolicyistousepermanentpaperfrommillsthatoperateasustainableforestry
policy,andwhichhavebeenmanufacturedfrompulpwhichisprocessedusingacid-freeand
elementarychlorine-freepractices.Furthermore,thepublisherensuresthatthetextpaperand
coverboardusedhavemetacceptableenvironmentalaccreditationstandards.
Project managed by Macfarlane Production Services, Markyate, St Albans, Hertfordshire
(e-mail: macfarl@aol.com)
Typeset by MHL Typesetting Ltd, Coventry, Warwickshire
Printed by TJ International, Cornwall, England
Copyright © 2004 Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press, LLC
Contents
Preface
1Anoutlineofbrewing
1.1Introduction
1.2Malts
1.3Mashtunadjuncts
1.4Brewingliquor
1.5Millingandmashingin
1.6Mashingandwortseparationsystems
1.7Thehop-boilandcopperadjuncts
1.8Wortclarification,coolingandaeration
1.9Fermentation
1.10Theprocessingofbeer
1.11Typesofbeer
1.12Analyticalsystems
1.13Theeconomicsofbrewing
1.14Excise
1.15Referencesandfurtherreading
1.15.1Thesystemsofmaltingandbrewinganalysis
1.15.2Generalreferences
2Malts,adjunctsandsupplementaryenzymes
2.1Gristsandothersourcesofextract
2.2Malting
2.2.1Maltinginoutline
2.2.2Changesoccurringinmaltinggrain
2.2.3Maltingtechnology
2.2.4Maltanalyses
2.2.5Typesofkilnedmalt
2.2.6Specialmalts
Copyright © 2004 Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press, LLC
vi Contents
2.2.7 Malt specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.3 Adjuncts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.3.1 Mash tun adjuncts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.3.2 Copper adjuncts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.4 Priming sugars, caramels, malt colourants and Farbebier . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.5 Supplementary enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3 Water, effluents and wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.2 Sources of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.3 Preliminary water treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.4 Secondary water treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.5 Grades of water used in breweries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.6 The effects of ions on the brewing process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.7 Brewery effluents, wastes and by-products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.7.1 The characterization of waste water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.7.2 The characteristics of some brewery wastes and
by-products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.8 The disposal of brewery effluents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.8.1 Preliminary treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.8.2 Aerobic treatments of brewery effluents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.8.3 Sludge treatments and disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.8.4 Anaerobic and mixed treatments of brewery effluents . . . . . 79
3.9 Other water treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
4 The science of mashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.2 Mashing schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.3 Altering mashing conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.3.1 The grist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.3.2 Malts in mashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.3.3 Mashing with adjuncts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4.3.4 The influence of mashing temperatures and times on
wort quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.3.5 Non-malt enzymes in mashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
4.3.6 Mashing liquor and mash pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.3.7 Mash thickness, extract yield and wort quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.3.8 Wort separation and sparging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
4.4 Mashing biochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.4.1 Wort carbohydrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.4.2 Starch degradation in mashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
4.4.3 Non-starch polysaccharides in mashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
4.4.4 Proteins, peptides and amino acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
4.4.5 Nucleic acids and related substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
4.4.6 Miscellaneous substances containing nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
4.4.7 Vitamins and yeast growth factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
4.4.8 Lipids in mashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Copyright © 2004 Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press, LLC

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin