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LM340/LM78XX Series 3-Terminal Positive Regulators
November 2002
LM340/LM78XX Series
3-Terminal Positive Regulators
General Description
The LM140/LM340A/LM340/LM7800C monolithic 3-terminal
positive voltage regulators employ internal current-limiting,
thermal shutdown and safe-area compensation, making
them essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is
provided, they can deliver over 1.0A output current. They are
intended as fixed voltage regulators in a wide range of
applications including local (on-card) regulation for elimina-
tion of noise and distribution problems associated with
single-point regulation. In addition to use as fixed voltage
regulators, these devices can be used with external compo-
nents to obtain adjustable output voltages and currents.
Considerable effort was expended to make the entire series
of regulators easy to use and minimize the number of exter-
nal components. It is not necessary to bypass the output,
although this does improve transient response. Input by-
passing is needed only if the regulator is located far from the
filter capacitor of the power supply.
The 5V, 12V, and 15V regulator options are available in the
steel TO-3 power package. The LM340A/LM340/LM7800C
series is available in the TO-220 plastic power package, and
the LM340-5.0 is available in the SOT-223 package, as well
as the LM340-5.0 and LM340-12 in the surface-mount
TO-263 package.
Features
n
Complete specifications at 1A load
n
Output voltage tolerances of
±
2% at T
j
= 25˚C and
±
4%
over the temperature range (LM340A)
n
Line regulation of 0.01% of V
OUT
/V of
∆
V
IN
at 1A load
(LM340A)
n
Load regulation of 0.3% of V
OUT
/A (LM340A)
n
Internal thermal overload protection
n
Internal short-circuit current limit
n
Output transistor safe area protection
n
P
+
Product Enhancement tested
Device
Output
Voltages
Packages
LM140 5, 12, 15 TO-3 (K)
LM340A/LM340 5, 12, 15 TO-3 (K), TO-220 (T),
SOT-223 (MP), TO-263 (S)
(5V and 12V only)
LM7800C
5, 8, 12,
15
TO-220 (T)
Typical Applications
Fixed Output Regulator
Adjustable Output Regulator
00778101
*
Required if the regulator is located far from the power supply filter.
**
Although no output capacitor is needed for stability, it does help transient
response. (If needed, use 0.1 µF, ceramic disc).
00778102
V
OUT
= 5V + (5V/R1 + I
Q
) R2 5V/R1
>
3I
Q
,
load regulation (L
r
)
≈
[(R1 + R2)/R1] (L
r
of LM340-5).
Current Regulator
Comparison between SOT-223 and D-Pak (TO-252)
Packages
00778103
00778138
Scale 1:1
∆
I
Q
= 1.3 mA over line and load changes.
© 2002 National Semiconductor Corporation DS007781
www.national.com
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
(Note 5)
DC Input Voltage
All Devices except
LM7824/LM7824C
TO-3 Package (K)
300˚C
TO-220 Package (T), TO-263
Package (S)
230˚C
ESD Susceptibility (Note 3)
2 kV
Operating Conditions
(Note 1)
35V
Temperature Range (T
A
) (Note 2)
LM140A, LM140
−55˚C to +125˚C
LM7824/LM7824C
40V
LM340A, LM340, LM7805C,
LM7812C, LM7815C, LM7808C
Internal Power Dissipation (Note 2)
Internally Limited
0˚C to +125˚C
Maximum Junction Temperature
150˚C
Storage Temperature Range
−65˚C to +150˚C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)
LM340A Electrical Characteristics
I
OUT
= 1A, −55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C (LM140A), or 0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+ 125˚C (LM340A) unless otherwise specified (Note 4)
Output Voltage
5V
12V
15V
Symbol
Input Voltage (unless otherwise noted)
10V
19V
23V
Units
Parameter
Conditions
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
V
O
Output Voltage T
J
= 25˚C
4.9 5 5.1 11.75 12 12.25 14.7 15 15.3 V
P
D
≤
15W, 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
4.8
5.2 11.5
12.5 14.4
15.6 V
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(7.5
≤
V
IN
≤
20) (14.8
≤
V
IN
≤
27) (17.9
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
∆
V
O
Line Regulation I
O
= 500 mA
10
18
22 mV
∆
V
IN
(7.5
≤
V
IN
≤
20) (14.8
≤
V
IN
≤
27) (17.9
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
T
J
= 25˚C
3 10
4 18
4 22 mV
∆
V
IN
(7.5
≤
V
IN
≤
20) (14.5
≤
V
IN
≤
27) (17.5
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
T
J
= 25˚C
4
9
10 mV
Over Temperature
12
30
30 mV
∆
V
IN
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
12)
(16
≤
V
IN
≤
22)
(20
≤
V
IN
≤
26) V
∆
V
O
Load Regulation T
J
= 25˚C 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1.5A
10 25
12 32
12 35 mV
250 mA
≤
I
O
≤
750
15
19
21 mV
mA
Over Temperature,
25
60
75 mV
5mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
I
Q
Quiescent
Current
T
J
= 25˚C
6
6
6 mA
Over Temperature
6.5
6.5
6.5 mA
∆
I
Q
Quiescent
Current
5mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
0.5
0.5
0.5
mA
Change
T
J
= 25˚C, I
O
= 1A
0.8
0.8
0.8 mA
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(7.5
≤
V
IN
≤
20) (14.8
≤
V
IN
≤
27) (17.9
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
I
O
= 500 mA
0.8
0.8
0.8 mA
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
25)
(15
≤
V
IN
≤
30) (17.9
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
V
N
Output Noise
Voltage
T
A
= 25˚C, 10 Hz
≤
f
≤
100 kHz
40
75
90
µV
Ripple Rejection T
J
= 25˚C, f = 120 Hz, I
O
= 1A 68 80
61 72
60 70
dB
or f = 120 Hz, I
O
= 500 mA,
68
61
60
dB
Over Temperature,
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
18)
(15
≤
V
IN
≤
25)
(18.5
≤
V
IN
≤
28.5)
V
R
O
Dropout Voltage T
J
= 25˚C, I
O
= 1A
2.0
2.0
2.0
V
www.national.com
2
LM340A Electrical Characteristics
(Continued)
I
OUT
= 1A, −55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C (LM140A), or 0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+ 125˚C (LM340A) unless otherwise specified (Note 4)
Output Voltage
5V
12V
15V
Symbol
Input Voltage (unless otherwise noted)
10V
19V
23V
Units
Parameter
Conditions
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Output
Resistance
f=1kHz
8
18
19 m
Ω
Short-Circuit
Current
T
J
= 25˚C
2.1
1.5
1.2
A
Peak Output
Current
T
J
= 25˚C
2.4
2.4
2.4
A
Average TC of
V
O
Min, T
J
= 0˚C, I
O
= 5 mA
−0.6
−1.5
−1.8 mV/˚C
V
IN
Input Voltage T
J
= 25˚C
Required to
Maintain
7.5
14.5
17.5
V
Line Regulation
LM140 Electrical Characteristics
(Note 4)
−55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C unless otherwise specified
Output Voltage
5V
12V
15V
Symbol
Input Voltage (unless otherwise noted)
10V
19V
23V Units
Parameter
Conditions
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
V
O
Output Voltage T
J
= 25˚C, 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
4.8 5 5.2 11.5 12 12.5 14.4 15 15.6 V
P
D
≤
15W, 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
4.75
5.25 11.4
12.614.25
15.75 V
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
20)
(15.5
≤
V
IN
≤
27)
(18.5
V
IN
≤
30)
≤
V
∆
V
O
Line Regulation I
O
= 500 mA T
J
= 25˚C
3 50
4 120
4 150 mV
∆
V
IN
(7
≤
V
IN
≤
25)
(14.5
≤
V
IN
≤
30)
(17.5
V
IN
≤
30)
≤
V
−55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C
50
120
150 mV
∆
V
IN
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
20)
(15
≤
V
IN
≤
27)
(18.5
≤
V
IN
≤
30)
V
I
O
≤
1A
T
J
= 25˚C
50
120
150 mV
∆
V
IN
(7.5
≤
V
IN
≤
20) (14.6
≤
V
IN
≤
27)
(17.7
V
IN
≤
30)
≤
V
−55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C
25
60
75 mV
∆
V
IN
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
12)
(16
≤
V
IN
≤
22)
(20
≤
V
IN
≤
26) V
∆
V
O
Load Regulation T
J
= 25˚C 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1.5A
10 50
12 120
12 150 mV
250 mA
≤
I
P
≤
750
mA
25
60
75 mV
−55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C,
50
120
150 mV
5mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
I
Q
Quiescent Current I
O
≤
1A
T
J
= 25˚C
6
6
6 mA
−55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C
7
7
7 mA
∆
I
Q
Quiescent Current 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
0.5
0.5
0.5
mA
Change
T
J
= 25˚C, I
O
≤
1A
0.8
0.8
0.8 mA
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
20)
(15
≤
V
IN
≤
27)
(18.5
≤
V
IN
≤
V
30)
I
O
= 500 mA, −55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C
0.8
0.8
0.8 mA
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
25)
(15
≤
V
IN
≤
30)
(18.5
V
IN
≤
30)
≤
V
3
www.national.com
LM140 Electrical Characteristics
(Note 4) (Continued)
−55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C unless otherwise specified
Output Voltage
5V
12V
15V
Symbol
Input Voltage (unless otherwise noted)
10V
19V
23V Units
Parameter
Conditions
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
V
N
Output Noise
Voltage
T
A
= 25˚C, 10 Hz
≤
f
≤
100 kHz
40
75
90
µV
Ripple Rejection
I
O
≤
1A, T
J
= 25˚C
68 80
61 72
60 70
dB
or
f = 120 Hz
I
O
≤
500 mA,
68
61
60
dB
−55˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
18)
(15
≤
V
IN
≤
25)
(18.5
≤
V
IN
≤
V
28.5)
R
O
Dropout Voltage T
J
= 25˚C, I
O
= 1A
2.0
2.0
2.0
V
Output Resistance f = 1 kHz
8
18
19 m
Ω
Short-Circuit
Current
T
J
= 25˚C
2.1
1.5
1.2
A
Peak Output
Current
T
J
= 25˚C
2.4
2.4
2.4
A
Average TC of
V
OUT
0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+150˚C, I
O
= 5 mA
−0.6
−1.5
−1.8 mV/˚C
V
IN
Input Voltage
T
J
= 25˚C, I
O
≤
1A
Required to
Maintain
7.5
14.6
17.7
V
Line Regulation
LM340/LM7800C Electrical Characteristics
(Note 4)
0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+125˚C unless otherwise specified
Output Voltage
5V
12V
15V
Symbol
Input Voltage (unless otherwise noted)
10V
19V
23V Units
Parameter
Conditions
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
V
O
Output Voltage
T
J
= 25˚C, 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
4.8 5 5.2 11.5 12 12.5 14.4 15 15.6 V
P
D
≤
15W, 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
4.75
5.25 11.4
12.6 14.25
15.75 V
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(7.5
≤
V
IN
≤
20)
(14.5
V
IN
≤
27)
≤
(17.5
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
∆
V
O
Line Regulation
I
O
= 500 mA T
J
= 25˚C
3 50
4 120
4 150 mV
∆
V
IN
(7
≤
V
IN
≤
25)
(14.5
V
IN
≤
30)
≤
(17.5
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+125˚C
50
120
150 mV
∆
V
IN
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
20)
(15
≤
V
IN
≤
27) (18.5
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
I
O
≤
1A
T
J
= 25˚C
50
120
150 mV
∆
V
IN
(7.5
≤
V
IN
≤
20)
(14.6
V
IN
≤
27)
≤
(17.7
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+125˚C
25
60
75 mV
∆
V
IN
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
12)
(16
≤
V
IN
≤
22) (20
≤
V
IN
≤
26) V
∆
V
O
Load Regulation T
J
= 25˚C 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1.5A
10 50
12 120
12 150 mV
250 mA
≤
I
O
≤
750 mA
25
60
75 mV
5mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A, 0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
50
120
150 mV
+125˚C
I
Q
Quiescent Current
I
O
≤
1A
T
J
= 25˚C
8
8
8 mA
0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+125˚C
8.5
8.5
8.5 mA
∆
I
Q
Quiescent Current 5 mA
≤
I
O
≤
1A
0.5
0.5
0.5
mA
www.national.com
4
LM340/LM7800C Electrical Characteristics
(Note 4) (Continued)
0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+125˚C unless otherwise specified
Output Voltage
5V
12V
15V
Symbol
Input Voltage (unless otherwise noted)
10V
19V
23V Units
Parameter
Conditions
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Change
T
J
= 25˚C, I
O
≤
1A
1.0
1.0
1.0 mA
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(7.5
≤
V
IN
≤
20)
(14.8
V
IN
≤
27)
(17.9
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
I
O
≤
500 mA, 0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+125˚C
1.0
1.0
1.0 mA
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(7
≤
V
IN
≤
25)
(14.5
≤
V
IN
≤
30)
(17.5
≤
V
IN
≤
30) V
V
N
Output Noise
Voltage
T
A
= 25˚C, 10 Hz
≤
f
≤
100 kHz
40
75
90
µV
Ripple Rejection
I
O
≤
1A, T
J
=
62 80
55 72
54 70
dB
25˚C
f = 120 Hz
or I
O
≤
500 mA, 62
55
54
dB
0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+125˚C
V
MIN
≤
V
IN
≤
V
MAX
(8
≤
V
IN
≤
18)
(15
≤
V
IN
≤
25)
(18.5
V
IN
≤
28.5)
≤
V
R
O
Dropout Voltage T
J
= 25˚C, I
O
= 1A
2.0
2.0
2.0
V
Output Resistance f = 1 kHz
8
18
19
m
Ω
Short-Circuit Current T
J
= 25˚C
2.1
1.5
1.2
A
Peak Output
Current
T
J
= 25˚C
2.4
2.4
2.4
A
Average TC of V
OUT
0˚C
≤
T
J
≤
+125˚C, I
O
= 5 mA
−0.6
−1.5
−1.8 mV/˚C
V
IN
Input Voltage
T
J
= 25˚C, I
O
≤
1A
Required to
Maintain
7.5
14.6
17.7
V
Line Regulation
Note 1:
Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Conditions are conditions under which the device functions
but the specifications might not be guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions see the Electrical Characteristics.
Note 2:
The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is a function of the maximum junction temperature for operation (T
JMAX
= 125˚C
or 150˚C), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (
θ
JA
), and the ambient temperature (T
A
). P
DMAX
=(T
JMAX
−T
A
)/
θ
JA
) is 39˚C/W. When using a heatsink,
θ
JA
is the sum of the 4˚C/W junction-to-case
θ
JC
is
4˚C/W. If SOT-223 is used, the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is 174˚C/W and can be reduced by a heatsink (see Applications Hints on heatsinking).
If the TO-263 package is used, the thermal resistance can be reduced by increasing the PC board copper area thermally connected to the package: Using 0.5 square
inches of copper area,
θ
JC
) of the TO-3 package and the case-to-ambient thermal resistance of the heatsink. For the TO-220 package (T),
θ
JA
is 54˚C/W and
θ
JA
is 50˚C/W; with 1 square inch of copper area,
θ
JA
is 37˚C/W; and with 1.6 or more inches of copper area,
θ
JA
is 32˚C/W.
.
Note 4:
All characteristics are measured with a 0.22 µF capacitor from input to ground and a 0.1 µF capacitor from output to ground. All characteristics except noise
voltage and ripple rejection ratio are measured using pulse techniques (t
w
Ω
≤
10 ms, duty cycle
≤
5%). Output voltage changes due to changes in internal temperature
must be taken into account separately.
Note 5:
A military RETS specification is available on request. At the time of printing, the military RETS specifications for the LM140AK-5.0/883, LM140AK-12/883,
and LM140AK-15/883 complied with the min and max limits for the respective versions of the LM140A. At the time of printing, the military RETS specifications for
the LM140K-5.0/883, LM140K-12/883, and LM140K-15/883 complied with the min and max limits for the respective versions of the LM140. The LM140H/883,
LM140K/883, and LM140AK/883 may also be procured as a Standard Military Drawing.
5
www.national.com
≤
θ
JA
. If this dissipation is exceeded, the die
temperature will rise above T
JMAX
and the electrical specifications do not apply. If the die temperature rises above 150˚C, the device will go into thermal shutdown.
For the TO-3 package (K, KC), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (
thermal resistance (
Note 3:
ESD rating is based on the human body model, 100 pF discharged through 1.5 k
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