Apress.Java.7.Recipes.Jan.2012.pdf

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Contents at a Glance

 Contents .................................................................................................................... vi

 About the Authors................................................................................................... xvi

 About the Technical Reviewers ............................................................................ xviii

 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. xix

 Introduction ............................................................................................................ xxi

 Chapter 1: Getting Started with Java 7 ..................................................................... 1

 Chapter 2: Strings.................................................................................................... 25

 Chapter 3: Numbers and Dates ................................................................................ 43

 Chapter 4: Data Structures, Conditionals, and Iteration.......................................... 73

 Chapter 5: Input and Output .................................................................................. 105

 Chapter 6: Exceptions and Logging ....................................................................... 127

 Chapter 7: Object-Oriented Java ........................................................................... 145

 Chapter 8: Concurrency ......................................................................................... 185

 Chapter 9: Debugging and Unit Testing ................................................................. 213

 Chapter 10: Unicode, Internationalization, and Currency Codes ........................... 237

 Chapter 11: Working with Databases .................................................................... 259

 Chapter 12: Java 2D Graphics ............................................................................... 321

 Chapter 13: Java3D ............................................................................................... 397

 Chapter 14: Swing API........................................................................................... 413

 Chapter 15: JavaFX Fundamentals ........................................................................ 513

 Chapter 16: Graphics with JavaFX ........................................................................ 579

■ CONTENTS AT A GLANCE

 Chapter 17: Media with JavaFX............................................................................. 621

 Chapter 18: Working with Servlets and Applets.................................................... 651

 Chapter 19: Intro to Android .................................................................................. 707

 Chapter 20: JavaFX on the Web............................................................................. 745

 Chapter 21: E-mail................................................................................................. 779

 Chapter 22: XML Processing.................................................................................. 787

 Chapter 23: Networking......................................................................................... 805

 Index ...................................................................................................................... 823

Introduction

The Java programming language was first introduced in 1995 by Sun Microsystems. Derived from

languages such as C and C++, Java was designed to be moreintuitive and easier to use than older

languages, specifically due to its simplistic object model and automated facilities such as memory

management. At the time, Java drew the interest of developers because of its object-oriented, concurrent

architecture; excellent security and scalability; and because applications developed in the Java language

could be run on any operating system that contained a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Since its inception,

Java has been described as a language that allows developers to “write once, run everywhere” as code is

compiled into class files that contain bytecode, and the resulting class files can run on any compliant

JVM. This concept made Java an immediate success for desktop development, which later branched off

into different technological solutions over the years, including development of web-based applications

and rich Internet applications (RIAs). Today, Java is deployed on a broad range of devices including

mobile phones, printers, medical devices, blue ray players, and so on.

The Java platform consists of a hierarchy of components, starting with the Java Development Kit

(JDK), which is composed of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), the Java programming language, and

platform tools that are necessary to develop and run Java applications. The JRE contains the Java Virtual

Machine (JVM), plus the Java application programming interfaces (APIs) and libraries that assist in the

development of Java applications. The JVMis the base upon which compiled Java class files run and is

responsible for interpreting compiled Java classes and executing the code. Every operating system that is

capable of running Java code has its own version of the JVM. To that end, the JRE must be installed on

any system that will be running local Java desktop or stand-alone Java applications. Oracle provides JRE

implementations for most of the major operating systems, most recently adding Mac OS X to the list.

Each operating system can have its own flavor of the JRE. For instance, mobile devices can run a scaled

down version of the full JRE that is optimized to run Java Mobile Edition (ME) applications.

The Java platform APIsand libraries are a collection of predefined classes that are used by all Java

applications. Any application that runs on the JVM makes use of the Java platform APIs and libraries.

This allows applications to make use of functionality that has been predefined and loaded into the JVM

and leaves developers with more time to worry about the details of their specific application. The classes

that comprise the Java platform APIs and libraries allow Java applications to use one set of classes in

order to communicate with the underlying operating system. As such, the Java platform takes care of

interpreting the set of instructions provided by a Java application into operating system commands that

are required for the machine on which the application is being executed. This creates a façade for Java

developers to write code against so that they can develop applications; which can be written once and

ran on every machine that contains a relevant JVM.

The JVM and the Java platform APIs and libraries play key roles in the lifecycle of every Java

application. Entire books have been written to explore the platform and JVM. This book will focus on the

Java language itself, which is used to develop Java applications, although the JVM and Java platform APIs

and libraries will be referenced as needed. The Java language is a robust, secure, and modern object-

oriented language that can be used to develop applications to run on the JVM. The Java programming

language has been refined over several iterations and it becomes more powerful, secure, and modern

with each new release. This book covers many features of the Java programming language from those

that were introduced in Java 1.0 through those that made their way to the language in Java 7. In 2011,

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