1700_TOEFL_Words.PDF

TOEFL iBT Exam

Vocabulary List

1700 Words

TOEFL iBT Exam Vocabulary List

Welcome to Michael BuckhoffÓs TOEFL iBT Vocabulary List. After many years of teaching

students how to prepare for the TOEFL iBT Exam, Michael noticed he was seeing the same

words over and over again. He began to make a list of these words and did not find a

repetition until he reached 1,700 total words. There are 1,700 words in this list divided

into two categories. The first category is 200 words of intermediate level reading. The

second is 1,500 words of advanced level reading.

Instructions for Mastering Vocabulary Words

When you come across a word you do not know on the ÐTOEFL iBT Exam VocabularyÑ list,

quickly write it down onto a 3 x 5 inch note card (use one word on each note card). On the

back of the note card, write down the meaning of the word and any other information (i.e.,

pronunciation, part of speech, sample sentence, origin of word) that might help you to

remember that word.

You can build your vocabulary by studying your note cards regularly. Write sentences

using the new words. Add synonyms and antonyms to your note cards everyday. Little by

little you will begin to increase your knowledge of informal, formal, and academic

vocabulary. Now letÓs get started.

When reading passages for pleasure, for work, or for university coursework, you will

encounter unfamiliar vocabulary. In these situations, you should try to understand the new

word by looking at the context in which it is used. Examples, appositives, punctuation, the

conjunction Ðor,Ñ clauses, referents, ÐbeÑ verb, contrasts, and other words in the sentence

are contextual clues which may help you to understand a new word.

EXAMPLE

Examples in the form of a word or phrase may help to explain the meaning of a word: as,

case in point, for instance, for example, in fact, like, specifically, such as, and to illustrate.

This outcome is a reflection of strong sense of solidarity within the corporate

peasant community; for instance, this solidarity is apparent in the tendency for

almost every man to remain within his village over his lifetime.

The meaning of solidarity is identified by the example that most men remain within their

village during their lifetime; therefore, you can guess that solidarity means having an

identity or coincidence of interests, purposes, or sympathies among members of a certain

group.

APPOSITIVES

In some cases, an appositive [a noun or noun phrase which is set off by commas and which

modifies another noun] can help you to identify the meaning of an unknown word.

Whether psychology should be classified as a biological or social science was a

contentious issue among scholars until 1960, after which time it was increasingly

described as a behavioral science; the science of the behavior of

organisms.

The meaning of Ðbehavioral scienceÑ is identified by its appositive, Ðthe science of the

behavioral science.Ñ

PUNCTUATION

Punctuation marks can be used to set off a word which is used to identify another word.

Some useful punctuation marks that might help you to understand the meaning of an

unknown word are the following:

brackets [ ]

commas ,

dashes Î

double quotation marks Ð Ñ

parentheses ( )

single quotation marks Ò Ó

If the wire is bent into a coil, called a solenoid, the magnetic fields of the

individual loops combine to produce a strong field through the core of the coil.

The meaning of ÐsolenoidÑ which is set off by commas is identified by the definition which

precedes it: Ðwire is bent into a coil.Ñ

THE CONJUNCTION ÐORÑ

Sometimes ÐorÑ and a synonym immediately comes after an unknown word or phrase.

Haliaeetus leucocephalus, or the Bald Eagle, is one of two eagles in North

America and the only exclusively North American eagle.

The meaning of the words ÐHaliaeetus leucocephalusÑ are identified by the words Ðthe Bald

EagleÑ following the word Ðor.Ñ

CLAUSES

Adjective clauses and their connectors (i.e., that, when, where, which, who, and whom)

may be used to identify words.

Both the electric generator, which makes electricity widely available,

and the electric motor, which converts electricity to useful mechanical

work, are based on these effects.

The meaning of Ðelectric generatorÑ is identified by the adjective clause: Ðwhich makes

electricity widely available.Ñ Similarly, the meaning of electric motor is identified by its

adjective clause: Ðwhich converts electricity to useful mechanical work.Ñ

REFERENTS

Referents are words to refer to other words in a sentence or paragraph. The referent may

refer to a previous word or one which follows it.

It is one of the more remarkable feats of American literature, how a young man who

never graduated from high school, never received a college degree, living in a small

town in the poorest state in the nation, all the while balancing a growing family of

dependents and impending financial ruin, could during the Great Depression write

a series of novels all set in the same small Southern county Ï As I Lay Dying,

Light in August, and above all, Absalom, Absalom! Ï that would one day be

recognized as among the greatest novels ever written by an American.

ÐAs I Lay Dying, Light in AugustÑ and ÐAbsalom, AbsalomÑ can be identified by their

referent Ð a series of novels.Ñ

ÐBEÑ VERB

The object, which is referred to as the subject complement and which comes after

the verb Ðbe,Ñ may be used to identify the subject.

The Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus is one of Canada's commonest

large birds of prey.

The meaning of ÐThe Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianusÑ is identified by Ðlarge birds of

prey,Ñ which comes after Ðis.Ñ

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: