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THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
THE BACK AND SPINE
SYSTEMS AND DISORDERS
Mary Harwell Sayler
with
Arya Nick Shamie, M.D.
Director, UCLA Comprehensive Spine Center
VA Wadsworth Medical Center
Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery
UCLA School of Medicine
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The Encyclopedia of the Back and Spine Systems and Disorders
Copyright © 2007 by Mary Harwell Sayler
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sayler, Mary Harwell.
The encyclopedia of the back and spine systems and disorders /
Mary Harwell Sayler with Arya Nick Shamie.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8160-6678-0 (hc : alk. paper) 1. Back—Diseases—Encyclopedias.
2. Spine—Diseases—Encyclopedias. I. Shamie, Arya Nick. II. Title.
III. Title: Back and spine systems and disorders.
RD768.S6277 2007
617.5
64—dc22 2006035678
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses,
associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at
(212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.
You can fi nd Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfi le.com
Text and cover design by Cathy Rincon
Printed in the United States of America
VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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Dedicated to Backbone
for Bob
The spine defines us:
fish, amphibian,
reptile, bird,
or mammal
crawling,
crouching,
reaching
toward upright.
Uptight or loosely
woven, we struggle
to correct each
complication
of age or accident
we’ve fallen
heir to
in this relentless art
of balancing our act.
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CONTENTS
Foreword
v
Preface
viii
Acknowledgments
xi
Introduction
xii
Entries A–Z
1
Appendix I: National and International Organizations
for the Back and Spine
321
Appendix II: Related Organizations
323
Appendix III: Other Relevant Web Sites
327
Appendix IV: Internet Journals and Magazines
328
Bibliography
329
Index
331
About the Authors
354
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