Svalbard in international politics 1871 - 1925.pdf

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DET KONGELIGE INDUSTRI-, HANDVERK­
OG SKIPSFARTSDEPARTEMENT
NORSK POLARINSTITUTT
SKRIFTER
Nr. 101
SVALBARD
IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 1871-1925
THE SOLUTION OF A UNIQUE INTERNATIONAL PROBLEM
BY
TRYGVE MATHISEN
I KOMMISjON HOS
BR0GGERS BOKTRYKKERIS FORLAG
OSLO 1954
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A. w. BR0GGERS BOKTRYKKERI AIs
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Contents.
Page
5
7
7
9
11
14
17
2U
20
30
34
41
41
4 4
50
54
59
68
70
75
75
81
8 8
Negotiating While the Great Powers Mobilize . .. . .. . ...... .. . ........ 91
The Paris Settlement .... .. . . ... ..... .. .... . . ... .............. . .... . ... 101
The Bulk of the Mining is Taken Over by Norwegian Interests ........ 101
Post-War Attitude toward Svalbard . . . . . . ........ . .. . . . .. . . . .... . . . 1Ol
Norway Submits the Case to the Paris Peace Conference ..... . .... . .. . 115
Soverei gnty or Mandate
foreword
The Periods of Whaling and Trapping ................................. .
Who was the first to Discover Svalbanl? ........................... .
The English Occupation ......................................... .
The Attitude of the Dutch Republic ............................... .
Norway's Sovereignty ............................................ .
Russia's Relations to Svalbard in Ancient Times .... . ....... .. .... . .. .
Terra Nullius ....................................................... .
A Swedish Plan for Colonization ................................... .
Norway Adopts a More Active Policy ............................. .
A German-Russian Episode in the Arctic ........................... .
Norwegian-Swedish Rivalry ........................................... .
A New Epoch in the History of the Archipelago ..................... .
Opportunity for Norwegian Occupation ............................. .
Norwegian Proposal for International Arrangement ................. .
The Swedish Government Takes the Initiative ....................... .
A Diplomatic Tug-of-\Var ....... . . . ...... . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .... . .. . . .
American Occupation Contemplated ................................. .
Out of the Deadlock ............................................. .
The Oslo Conferences ................................................. .
Working Out a Unique Constitution ............................... .
Criticism and Revision of the Draft Convention ..................... .
The American Plan for an International Administration ............. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 128
Working Out the Treaty . . . . . . ...... . ............. . . ... ........... 136
Differing Appraisals of the Agreement . . . . .. . ... ........ .. .... . . . . .. 143
;egotiations with the Soviet Union and Germany ..... " ................. 151
The German Attitude to the Treaty . . . . ...... . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . .... 151
The Soviet Russian Government Protests . .... . . . . ..... . ...... .. .. ... 155
A Diplomatic Settlement of Compensation ..... . . ........ .... . ... . . .. . 159
Summary and Conclusions . . .. .. ..... . . . . . . . . . . ...... .. . . . ..... .... . . . 172
Notes
.
180
... ............................................................
Bibliography
. .... . . .. . . . . ... . . ... . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . ....... .... .. .... .. 203
.
Appendix
. .... . . ....... . ... . ............ . .... . ..... . . . . ......... 207
.....
Map
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