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Brief History of Central America
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A B RIEF H ISTORY OF
C ENTRAL A MERICA
S ECOND E DITION
L YNN V. F OSTER
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In memory of Susan C. Schneider,
who was with me throughout the writing of this book.
A Brief History of Central America, Second Edition
Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Lynn V. Foster
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any infor-
mation storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher.
For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
ISBN-10: 0-8160-6671-X
ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-6671-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Foster, Lynn V.
A brief history of Central America / Lynn V. Foster. — 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-6671-X
1. Central America—History. I. Title.
F1436.F68 2007
972.8—dc22
2006049760
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities
for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special
Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.
You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com
Text design by Joan McEvoy
Cover design by Semadar Megged/Anastasia Plé
Graphics research by Peter Selverstone
Maps by Sholto Ainslie
Printed in the United States of America
MPFOF10987654321
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
 
Contents
List of Illustrations
v
List of Maps
vi
List of Tables
vii
Preface to the Second Edition
viii
Acknowledgments
ix
Note on Photos
x
Introduction
xi
1 The Land and Its First Peoples
1
2 The Mayans and Their Neighbors
24
3 The Spanish Conquest (1492–1541)
45
4 Founding of the Kingdom of Guatemala (1541–1570)
68
5 Life in the Colony
90
6 The Bourbons and Independence (1700–1823)
120
7 The Federation of Central America (1823–1839)
134
8 Conservatives and Foreign Profiteers (1840–1870)
152
9 The Making of the Coffee Republics (1870–1900)
170
10 Dollar “Diplomacy” and the Dictators (1898–1944)
186
11 Challenge to the Old Order (1944–1975)
205
12 Civil Wars (1975–1996)
225
13 The Challenge of Peace and Democracy
255
Appendixes
1 Guatemala: Basic Facts
285
2 El Salvador: Basic Facts
287
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3 Honduras: Basic Facts
289
4 Nicaragua: Basic Facts
291
5 Costa Rica: Basic Facts
293
6 Panama: Basic Facts
295
7 Belize: Basic Facts
297
8 Chronology
299
9 Bibliographic Sources
306
10 Suggested Reading
313
Index
325
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