Grammar success in 20 minutes a day 2nd ED.pdf

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SucceSS
in 20 minutes
a Day
2nd Edition
®
New York
grammar
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Copyright © 2010 LearningExpress, LLC.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions.
Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Grammar success in 20 minutes a day. —2nd ed.
p. cm.
ISBN-13: 978-1-57685-721-2 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-57685-721-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. English language—Grammar—Problems, exercises, etc.
I. LearningExpress (Organization)
PE1112.G676 2010
428.2—dc22
2009024478
Printed in the United States of America
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN: 978-1-57685-721-2
For information on LearningExpress, other LearningExpress products, or bulk sales, please write to us at
LearningExpress
2 Rector Street
26th Floor
New York, NY 10006
Or visit us at
www.learnatest.com
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contents
INtroductIoN
v
PreteSt
1
NouNS and ProNouNS
LeSSoN 1
Kinds of Nouns
13
Common, proper, concrete, abstract, collective, and compound nouns
LeSSoN 2
Noun Usage
19
Plural and possessive nouns
LeSSoN 3
Pronouns
27
Personal, relexive, demonstrative, relative, interrogative, and
indeinite pronouns
verbS
LeSSoN 4
Verb Types
35
Action, linking, and helping verbs
LeSSoN 5
Regular and Irregular Verbs
39
Common regular and irregular verbs, problem, and tricky verbs
LeSSoN 6
Verb Forms and Tenses
49
Present and past, present and past participle, and other verb forms;
basic tense review
modIfIerS
LeSSoN 7
Adjectives
57
Articles, pronouns as adjectives, and demonstrative and comparative adjectives
iii
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– coNteNtS –
LeSSoN 8
Adverbs
63
Common adverbs, comparative adverbs, and how to distinguish adverbs
from adjectives
LeSSoN 9
Prepositions
69
Common prepositions and how to distinguish prepositions from adverbs
LeSSoN 10
Misplaced Modiiers and Tricky Words
73
Kinds of modiiers, homonyms, and homographs
SeNteNce Structure
LeSSoN 11
Sentence Basics
85
Subjects, predicates, complements, and direct and indirect objects
LeSSoN 12
Agreement
91
Subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement
LeSSoN 13
Phrases
97
Prepositional, adjective, adverb, verbal, participial, ininitive, gerund, and
appositive phrases
LeSSoN 14
Clauses
101
Independent, subordinate, noun, adjective, and adverb clauses
LeSSoN 15
Conjunctions
107
Coordinating, corrective, and subordinating conjunctions
LeSSoN 16
Combining Sentences
113
Kinds of sentences, including compound, complex, and compound-complex,
that enliven writing
PuNctuatIoN
LeSSoN 17
End Punctuation
121
Periods, question marks, and exclamation points
LeSSoN 18
Internal Punctuation I
125
Commas, colons, and semicolons
LeSSoN 19
Internal Punctuation II
133
Apostrophes, hyphens, and dashes
LeSSoN 20
Internal Punctuation III
139
Quotation marks, parentheses, brackets, italics and underlining,
and parentheses
PoStteSt
147
iv
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Introduction
want to hone your grammar skills to improve your writing or speech. Whatever the case may be,
this quick reference guide will help put you well on your way toward accomplishing your grammar
goals—no matter how big or small.
Because English is so complex, rules and guidelines called grammar and usage are necessary to help us bet-
ter understand its many idiosyncrasies. While language is forever changing to meet our needs, the inner workings
of a sentence are, for the most part, as constant as the stars, and iguring out these dynamics is like putting a
puzzle together (or taking it apart).
Understanding the inner workings of a sentence can help you with your speech and writing—the essence
of communication and language. And the beneits you get for your efforts far outweigh the 20 minutes of your
day you’ll spend with this book.
Before you begin to progress through the book, take the pretest on the next few pages to determine what you
already know and what you might need to focus on. You might be surprised by just how much you remember!
v
D o your grammar skills need some brushing up? Perhaps you have an exam on the horizon, or you
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