IYT 07-12 International Watchkeeper & Flotilla Skipper 2005.pdf

International Watchkeeper

Flotilla Skipper

(Includes VHF Radio Operator Certificate)

Passport Series 2 / Modules 7 to 12

The Most Intcrnationally Accepted Yachtmastcr Certificate In The World

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INTE RNATIO NA L YACHTMASTER TRAI NING

TRAINING PROGRAMME

VHF RAmO OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

INTERNAT IONAL WATCH KEEPER , FLOTILLA SKIPPER CERTIFICATE

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted, in

any fornl or by any means, eiectronical1y, mechanically, photocopied, recording or otheT\vise,

without the written consent of International Yachtmaster Training.lnc.

This publication is for purposes of guidance and training.

Whilc every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, International Yachtmaster Training is

not liable for the consequence of implementing or attempting to implement any instructions or

advice contained within these notes.

CO PYright It> In ternational Yllchtmllstcr Trai ning 2005.

VIiF RADIO OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

INTERNATIONAL WATCHKE[P[R I FLOTILLA SKIPPER CERTIFICATE

Pages

V H F Radio Operator Cer tificate

Module 7

4 - 31

International Crew Certificate

Module 8

Section I - Introduction

Safety Revision

Nautical Tenninology Revision

Section 2 - Responsibilities of a Watchkeeper

Section 3 . Charts and Chart work

Section 4 - Compasses and Magnetism

Section 5 - Buoyage

Module 9

Section I . Introduction

Section 2 - Safety Brief

Section 3 . GaUey

Section 4 - Power Boat Handling Skills

Section 5 - Saili ng Boat Handling Skills

Module 10

Section I - Basic First Aid

Se<:tion 2 - Collision Regulations

Section J - Customs, Manners and Legal Requirements

Module II (Practical Subjects)

Module 12 (Theory and Practical Subjects f Assessment)

33 - 37

38 - 51

53 - 65

66 - 69

70 - 73

75 -78

80 - 81

83·88

89·99

100 - 103

104 - 112

11)

Glossa r y of Terms

11 4-122

I NTRODUCTION

Today, radio communications are a cenlral and essent ial pan of life al sea. A very high frequency radio (VHF) is

lhe absolute minimum a prudent skipper should have on board. even on local" Diers. Once a mariner ventures

funlter offshore Ihen the invcnlOry ofcommunications equipment grows !O indude SSB. HF radio, Satellite com

munical ion. EPIRBs. SARTs I'll'. all of"hich will be explained in Ihese notes

There are a number of purposes for good communications \Ihile at sea. These range from saft'ty. ,,·hich has

absolute priori!). \0 operational and business communications. both ship to shore and ship 10 ship. Familiarity" illt

and c~t use or. I~ ,'arious il~s offijuipmen l is essential and in some instances compulsory.

This course aims to outline Ihe various types ofcommunications equipment. regulations concerning their COrTt<:t

use radio equipment and the COIT«t procedures ror emergency radio communications.

MODULE 71 SECTION 2

BAS I C RADIO TH EORY

Tra ns mitter, ~fei\"tr, trBnSCeiHr, anttnna

A radio set consists of II transminer and receiver combined in ont instrument, usually called a tnmscei,·er. The

transminer is Ihe part lha\ can send out a radio signal and the recei,'er is the pan thaI can rttehe a radio signal

from anmher transmiuer else"hert. When) 00 speak into Ihe microphone the sounds of)our I'oice aTe com'~ed

by the 1mnsminer imo radio wIves. or signals, "hich are then sent oul from the Iransmil1er through an antenna.

A recei"tT can pick up these radio signals through its antenna and convert them back in10 sounds which are heard

coming from Ihe rad io speaker. When a radio station transmits a signal. il can be received on any other radio

receiver if il is tuned to the same frequency as the transminer. and it is \\ jlhin range of the transmitter.

Frequency

Radio transmitters send out their signal on a precise frequency and only a receil'er lun.c:d e~aetly to the same

frequency II ill receil'e that signal. The frequency selected is usually indicated on the radio by a pointer agaillst a

printed scale or b) a digital readout. In order to find the frequencies used by a specific statioll, a publication listing

radio stations \I ill have to be consul!ed. More sophisticated radio receivers may allow entry into a memory of

frequencies of regularly used stations. so that by just pressing a numbered button the radio receiver automaticallY

switches to the desired frequency. If the radio has this facility)ou can also switch from one frequency to anocher

by simply pressing the correctly numbered button.

RAd io "'AI esiwA I ficugth

Radio signals travel from a transmitter to a receil'er in wales. JUSt as a pebble dropped on the surface o r a lake

roms concentric waves moving outwards from the point of entry. so do radio waves (invisible) move outward at

constant velocity from an antenna in concentric circles.

Radio waves arc electromagnetically propagated at the antenna (by the reversal ofelC<:Irical current). As the rate of

reversals is changed. so too is the length ofthe WBVes. Be.:ause all radio " 'al es tralel at the lame speed (the speed

of light) a transmitter that generates more waves per SC1:ond produces shoner waves. COfll'ersely one producing

fewer \laves per second produces longer waves. Thus the higher the frequency the shorter the wal'es and thc 10ller

the frequency the longer the wal'es.

Radio waves are described by the frequency with which these \lIves occur per second. in other lIords by the

number ofwal"es per second. The technical tem used is a Hertz, named after Dr. Heinrich Henz, a 19"'. Century

Gem!an physicist. I hertz (I Hz) means one wave per second. I kilohenz (I kHz) means 1,000 wives per second

and I megahenz (I Mllz) means 1,000.000 waves per second.

Radio Fl'fqucncy Rands

Various radio frequencies are divided into bands:

FR EQUENCY

DAN !}

IIM" O

VlF

3 kHz to 30 kHz

Very Low Frequency

30 kHz: 10 300 kHz

Low Frequency

Medium Frequency

300 kHz 10 3000 kHz (3 MHz)

3 MHz to 30 MH z

High Frequency

30 MHz to 300 MHz

VHF

Very High Frequency

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