59
CONTENTS
1.
Introduction to pathology. Definitions. Cell and extracellular matrix. Tissue
2
2.
Cellular responses to injury. Ischemic injury. Free radical
induced injury. Cell aging
7
3.
Reversible and irreversible injuries. Necrosis. Apoptosis
14
4.
Intracellular accumulations. Adaptations (hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy, metaplasia). Subcellular alterations in cellular injury
19
5.
Pigment accumulations. Amyloidosis . Hyaline changes. Pathologic calcification
29
6.
Vascular wall cells response to injury. Desorganisation of connective tissue
36
7.
Hyperemia. Congestion. Edema. Hemorrhage
40
8.
Thrombosis. Embolism. Infarction
43
9.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Shock
48
10.
Defensive mechanisms and their derangements
51
11.
Acute inflammation
57
12.
Chronic inflammation
61
13.
Repair. Wound healing
65
14.
Disorders of the immune system
68
15.
General principles and classifications of tumor growth. Epithelial tumors
73
16.
Molecular basis of cancerogenesis. Diagnostic methods. Mesenchymal tumors
78
17.
Tumors – clinical course. Neuroectodermal tumors
82
18.
Tumors of blood cells
86
Introduction to Pathology.
Definitions. Cell and extracellular matrix. Tissue
1. Define, correctly use, and recall (given the definition) the following ubiquitous pathology words:
anatomic pathology
autopsy
biopsy
clinical pathology
diagnosis
disease
etiology
finding
general pathology
pathogenesis
pathognomonic
pathologic process
prognosis
sign
symptom
systemic pathology
2. Give examples of morphologic changes, which may be revealed at the different levels of examination:
Gross examination:
Light microscopy:
Electron microscopy:
Molecular techniques:
CELL
3. Fill in the table, describing the main cellular components:
Component
Description
Main function
Centrioles
Cilia, flagella
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic inclusions
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