Springer.Decrypted.Secrets.4th.Edition.Nov.2006.pdf

Decrypted Secrets

Friedrich L. Bauer

Decrypted Secrets

Methods and Maxims

of Cryptology

Fourth, Revised and Extended Edition

With 191 Figures, 29 Tables,

and 16 Color Plates

123

Dr. rer. nat. Dr. ès sc. h.c. Dr. rer. nat. h.c. mult. Friedrich L. Bauer

Professor Emeritus of Mathematics and Computer Science

Munich Institute of Technology

Department of Computer Science

Boltzmannstr. 3

85748 Garching, Germany

ACM Computing Classiﬁcation (1998): E.3, D.4.6, K.6.5, E.4

Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation (1991): 94A60, 68P25

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933429

ISBN-10 3-540-24502-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

ISBN-13 978-3-540-24502-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

ISBN 3-540-42674-4 3rd ed. Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

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Preface

Towards the end of the 1960s, under the inﬂuence of the rapid development

of microelectronics, electromechanical cryptological machines began to be

replaced by electronic data encryption devices using large-scale integrated

circuits. This promised more secure encryption at lower prices. Then, in

1976, Di e and Hellman opened up the new cryptological ﬁeld of public-key

systems. Cryptography, hitherto cloaked in obscurity, was emerging into the

public domain. Additionally, ENIGMA revelations awoke the public interest.

Computer science was a ﬂourishing new ﬁeld, too, and computer scientists

became interested in several aspects of cryptology. But many of them were

not well enough informed about the centuries-long history of cryptology and

the high level it had attained. I saw some people starting to reinvent the

wheel, and others who had an incredibly naive belief in safe encryption,

and I became worried about the commercial and scientiﬁc development of

professional cryptology among computer scientists and about the unstable

situation with respect to o cial security services.

This prompted me to oﬀer lectures on this subject at the Munich Institute of

Technology. The ﬁrst series of lectures in the winter term 1977/78, backed

by the comprehensive and reliable book The Codebreakers (1967) by David

Kahn, was held under the code name ‘Special Problems of Information

Theory’ and therefore attracted neither too many students nor too many

suspicious people from outside the university.

Next time, in the summer term of 1981, my lectures on the subject were

announced under the open title ‘Cryptology’. This was seemingly the ﬁrst

publicly announced lecture series under this title at a German, if not indeed

a Continental European, university.

The series of lectures was repeated a few times, and in 1986/87 lecture notes

were printed which ﬁnally developed into Part I of this book. Active interest

on the side of the students led to a seminar on cryptanalytic methods in the

summer term of 1988, from which Part II of the present book originated.

The 1993 ﬁrst edition (in German) of my book Kryptologie , although written

mainly for computer science students, found lively interest also outside the

ﬁeld. It was reviewed favorably by some leading science journalists, and

the publisher followed the study book edition with a 1995 hardcover edition

under the title Entziﬀerte Geheimnisse [Decrypted Secrets], which gave me

the opportunity to round out some subjects. Reviews in American journals

recommended also an English version, which led in 1997 to the present book.

It has become customary among cryptologists to explain how they became

acquainted with the ﬁeld. In my case, this was independent of the Second

World War. In fact, I was never a member of any o cial service—and I

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