From Zarathustra to Ken Wilber - Lives and Works of Prominent Mystical Philosophers by Desiderio Valacco.pdf - Ebooki(1) - insideCOREi3

Desiderio Valacco

From Zarathustra to

Ken Wilber:

Lives and Works of

Prominent Mystical Philosophers

Table of Contents

Introduction: The Definition of Mystical Philosophy

and its First Beginnings ..............................................................7

1. MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHERS OF THE ANTIQUITY

1.1. ZOROASTRIAN RELIGION

1.1.1 Zarathustra – Mystical Prophet of the Ancient Persia ........................10

1.2. GREEK AND HELLENIC PHILOSOPHY OF THE ANTIQUITY

1.2.1. Orpheus and Pythagoras – The First Mystical Philosophers on the

European Soil............................................................................................12

1.2.2. Pre-Socratics, Socrates and Plato.....................................................14

1.2.3. Religious Mysticism of the Stoic Cleanthes.......................................18

1.2.4. Representative of the Stoic Monism Posidonius………………………….18

1.2.5. Miracle-worker Apollonius of Tyana…………………………………………19

1.2.6. Plutarch's Isis and Osiris ..................................................................20

1.2.7. Plotinus – The Greatest Pagan Hellenic Philosopher..........................21

1.2.8. The Enigmatic Hermes Trismegistus.................................................25

1.2.9. Iamblichus' Theurgy and Julian's Apostacy......................................27

1.2.10. Proclus 'the Successor' and the end of the Academy.......................30

1.3. ROMAN PHILOSOPHY OF THE ANTIQUITY

1.3.1. Roman Stoics...................................................................................33

1.3.2. Apuleus' Asinus Aureus ....................................................................35

1.4. CHRISTIANITY

1.4.1. The First Christian Philosopher Justin.............................................37

1.4.2. Christian Catechetic School in Alexandria........................................37

1.4.3. Gregory's 'Mysticism of Light'...........................................................40

1.4.4. Mysterious Figure of Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite……………………..42

1.5. HEBREW RELIGION

1.5.1. Allegoric Interpretation of the Holy Scripts by Philo of Alexandria.....44

1.6. HINDUISM

1.6.1. Patanjali's Yoga-Sutras ....................................................................45

1.7. BUDDHISM (INDIAN)

1.7.1. The Enlightened One – Gauthama Buddha.......................................46

1.7.2. Vajra-Yana Buddhism......................................................................47

1.7.3. Teaching on Emptiness of the Philosopher Nagarjuna.......................49

1.7.4. Asanga – the Founder of Yogacara....................................................49

1.7.5. Bodhidharma – the Founder of Chan Buddhism...............................51

1.8. TAOISM

1.8.1. The Founder of Taoism Lao-Tse.......................................................53

1.8.2. Transcendentalism of Chuang-Tzu..................................................54

1.8.3. The 'Dark Teaching' of Taoist Wang Pi.............................................54

1.9. CONFUCIANISM

1.9.1. Confucius – The Harmony of the Cosmic and Social Order...............56

1.9.2. The Continuators of Confucious' Work Mencius and Hsun-Tse........56

2. MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHERS OF THE MIDDLE AGES

2.1. CHRISTIANITY

2.1.1. Maximus the Confessor....................................................................58

2.1.2. Eriugena, the Philosopher of the Carolingian Renaissance……………59

2.1.3 . Byzantine Polyhistor Michael Psellus……………………………………….61

2.1.4. St. Victor – Center of European Mystical Philosophy……………………63

2.1.5. Mysticism of the Knights Templar…………………………………………...

2.1.6. Albertus Magnus and Roger Bacon – Pioneers of the Experimental

Method......................................................................................................69

2.1.7. Bonaventura's Itinerary of Path to God…………………………………….73

2.1.8. 'Doctor Illuminatis' Ramon Lull........................................................75

2.1.9. Rhineland Mysticism of Eckhart and Tauler………………………………77

2.1.10. Plethon – Restorer of Platonism in the West…………………………….79

2.1.11. 'Learned Ignorance' of Nicolas of Cues……………………………………81

2.1.12. Florentine Academy……………………………………………………………83

2.1.13. German Mystical Philosophy of 16th Century…………………………..87

2.1.15. John Dee's Communication with Angels…………………………………94

2.1.16. Patrizi's Love Philosophy……………………………………………………..96

2.1.17. Della Porta and Bruno – Two Naples' Great Men……………………….98

2.2. ISLAM

2.2.1. Spreading of Islam, Sufism and Geber............................................105

2.2.2. 'Mamun's Renaissance' and Thabit ibn Qurra………………………….107

2.2.3. Al-Farabi, the Founder of Islamic Neo-Platonism………………………109

2.2.4. 'Picatrix' or 'Aim of the Wise'………………………………………………..110

2.2.5. Avicenna – Prince of Philosophers and Physicians…………………….111

2.2.6. Sufi Convert al-Ghazali……………………………………………………….113

2.2.7. Assasins – the Counterpart to Templar's Order...............................114

2.2.8. Ecumenical Mysticism of Ibn al-Arabi…………………………………….115

2.2.9. Rumi – Founder of the Order of 'Spinning Dervishes'…………………117

2.3. HEBREW RELIGION

2.3.1. Interpretation of Sefer Jetzirah by Saadia Ben Joseph……………….119

2.3.2. Mystical Poet Solomon ibn Gabirol………………………………………..120

2.3.3. Moses de Leon and Zohar ...............................................................121

2.3.4. 'Divine Rabbi' Isaac Luria……………………………………………………123

2.4. HINDUISM

2.4.1. Shankara – Jesus of Hinduism?.....................................................125

2.4.2. Moderate Monist Ramanuja…………………………………………………126

2.4.3. Madhva's Dualism……………………………………………………………..127

2.4.4. Caitanya, the Founder of Krishna Bhakti Movement………………….129

2.5. TIBETAN BUDDHISM

2.5.1. Reformer of Tibethan Buddhism Tsong Kha-pa………………………...130

2.6. FAITH OF SIKH

2.6.1. Mysticism of Sikh Faith………………………………………………………132

2.7. CONFUCIANISM

2.7.1. Cosmic Hierarchy of Chang-Tsai…………………………………………...135

2.7.2. Neo-Confucian Chu Hsi………………………………………………………135

2.7.3. The Great Learning of Wang Yang-ming………………………………….136

2.8. CHAN BUDDHISM (CHINESE)

2.8.1. The Sixth Patriarch of Chan Buddhism Hui Neng...........................138

2.9. ZEN BUDDHISM (JAPANESE)

2.9.1. Japanese Mystical Philosopher Kukai…………………………………….140

2.9.2. 'Pure Land' of Honen and Rinzai of Eisai…………………………………141

2.9.3. Soto Teaching of Dogen and Lotus School of Nichiren………………..142

3 . MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHERS OF THE MODERN AGE

3.1. CHRISTIANITY

3.1.1. Mystical Theology of Shoemaker Boehme………………………………145

3.1.2. Cambridge Platonist Henry More………………………………………...147

3.1.3. Converted Scientist Blaise Pascal..................................................149

3.1.4. Occasionalists Geulincx and Malebranche.....................................151

3.1.5. Philosopher – Clairvoyant Emanuel Swedenborg............................153

3.1.6. Mystical Ideologist of Romanticism Franz von Baader....................155

3.1.7. Two French Mystical Philosophers.................................................157

3.1.8. Mysticism of Writers Carlyle and Emerson.....................................159

3.1.9. Eliphas Levi – Continuator of the Teaching of Agrippa and

Paracelsus...............................................................................................163

3.1.10. Pioneer of the New Thought Prentice Mulford................................165

3.1.11. Psychology of Dreams of Carl du Prel............................................167

3.1.12. Two Russian Christian Philosophers.............................................168

3.1.13. Sufi Convert Rene Guenon and his Followers...............................171

3.2. ISLAM

3.2.1. Modern Sufis..............................................................................179

3.3. HEBREW RELIGION

3.3.1. Baal Shem Tov and Hasidism.........................................................181

3.3.2. New Hasidism of Martin Buber.......................................................182

3.4. HINDUISM

3.4.1. The Pioneer of Neo-Hindu Movement Ram Mohum Roy...................185

3.4.2. Ramakrishna's Ecumenism and Veneration of Divine Mother.........187

3.4.3. Three Great Men of Neo-Hinduism from

Calcutta............................188

3.4.4. Father of Modern India Mahatma Gandhi.......................................196

3.4.5. Society for the Consciousness of Krishna Srila Prabhupada............199

3.4.6. Transcendental Meditation of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi....................201

3.4.7. Sathya Sai Baba – the Avatar of the New Age?................................203

3.5. BUDDHISM (INDIAN)

3.5.1. Osho – Enlightenment by Love, Meditation and

Laughter................206

3.6. ZEN BUDDHISM (JAPANESE)

3.6.1. Hakuin – Great Man of Modern Age Zen-Buddhism........................208

3.6.2. D.T. Suzuki – Promoter of Zen Buddhism in the West.....................209

4. NEW RELIGIONS

4.1. BAHAI RELIGION

4.1.1. Bahaullah – Fulfillment of Messianic Expectations?........................212

4.2. SCIENTOLOGY

4.2.1. Scientology Church of L. Ron Hubbard...........................................215

5. SECRET SOCIETIES OF THE MODERN AGE

5.1. ROSICRUCIAN SOCIETY

5.1.1. Robert Fludd and Rosicrucian Brotherhood....................................219

5.2. FREEMASONRY

5.2.1. Mystical Philosophy of Freemasonry...............................................223

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