Spanish z Wikibook.pdf

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1163616 UNPDF
S PANISH
by Wikibooks contributors
Developed on Wikibooks ,
the open-content textbooks collection
PANISH
1163616.001.png
© Copyright 2003–2006, Wikibooks contributors.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms
of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by
the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
Images are either licensed under the GFDL or released into the public domain.
Creators of GFDL images are listed in image captions.
Cover : Zona costera de la Coveta Fuma en el término municipal de Campello,
Alicante. By Kasiber and Celestianpower .
The current version of this Wikibook may be found at:
Contents
Introduction . ......................................................................................................03
Pronunciation . ...................................................................................................05
L ESSONS .................................................................................................10
01 - ¿Cómo te llamas? . .......................................................................................10
02 - ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? . ......................................................................18
03 - Introducción a la gramática . ......................................................................26
04 - ¿Dónde vives? . ............................................................................................33
05 - ¿Qué te gusta hacer? . .................................................................................41
06 - ¿Qué comes? . ..............................................................................................51
07 - ¿Qué hora es? . ............................................................................................61
08 - ¿Dónde vas a ir? . ........................................................................................69
09 - ¿Cuál es tu trabajo? . ...................................................................................83
A BOUT THE BOOK .......................................................................................92
History & Document Notes . ..............................................................................92
Authors & Image Credits . ..................................................................................93
GNU Free Documentation License . ...................................................................94
Introduction
Book definition
• Scope : This Wikibook aims to teach the Spanish language from scratch.
It will cover all of the major grammar rules, moving slowly and offering
exercises and plenty of examples. It's not all grammar though, as it offers
vocabulary and phrases too, appealing to all learners. By the end, you
should be able to read and write Spanish skilfully, though you'll need a
human to help with listening and speaking.
• Purpose : The purpose of this Wikibook is to teach you the Spanish
language in an easy and accessible way. By the end, as mentioned, you
should be a proficient reader and writer, though listening and speaking
require a human tutor.
• Audience : Anyone who wishes to learn Spanish, though adult and
teenage learners are likely to enjoy it more.
• Organisation : This Wikibook requires no prior knowledge of the
subject, and all relevant terms are explained as they are encountered. The
book runs chronologically from lesson 1 to lesson 2 to lesson 3 and so on
until the end.
• Narrative : Generally engaging and thorough, with plenty of examples
and exercises to aid learning. Once concepts are introduced, they are
repeated, building a base of vocabulary and grammar that will stay in your
mind.
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Chapter
• Style : This book is written in British English, and the Spanish taught is
generally "Spanish" Spanish, though key regional differences are explained
as we go along. The formatting is consistent throughout, with Spanish in
italics and all tables using the same formatting. Each lesson begins with a
conversation, including the key grammar and vocabulary in the lesson. At
the end, there is a summary, explaining what has been achieved. Exercises
are linked throughout, and each new concept or set of vocabulary is
accompanied by examples, each with a translation underneath.
Introduction
You are about to embark on a course learning a second language, the Spanish
Language!
The first lesson begins with simple greetings, and covers important ideas of
the Spanish Language. Throughout education, methods of teaching Spanish have
changed greatly. Years ago, the Spanish Language was taught simply by memory.
Today, however, the Spanish Language is taught by moving slower and covering
grammar and spelling rules.
Again, this is an introduction. If this is the first time you are attempting to
learn Spanish, do not become discouraged if you cannot understand, pronounce,
or memorize some of the things discussed here.
In addition, learning a second language requires a basic understanding of
your own language. You may find, as you study Spanish, that you learn a lot
about English as well. At their core, all languages share some simple components
like verbs, nouns, adjectives, and plurals. Your first language comes naturally to
you and you don't think about things like subject-verb agreement, verb
conjugation, or usage of the various tenses; yet, you use these concepts on a
daily basis.
While English is described as a very complicated language to learn, many of
the distinguishing grammar structures have been simplified over the years. This
is not true for many other languages. Following the grammatical conventions of
Spanish will be very important, and can actually change the meaning of phrases.
You'll see what is meant by this as you learn your first verbs ser and estar .
Do not become discouraged! You can do it.
4 | Spanish
Pronunciation
ronouncing Spanish based on the written word is much simpler than
pronouncing English based on written English. This is because, with few
exceptions, each letter in the Spanish alphabet represents a single sound, and
even when there are several possible sounds, simple rules tell us which is the
correct one. In contrast, many letters and letter combinations in English
represent multiple sounds (such as the ou and gh in words like cough , rough ,
through , though , etc.).
Letter-sound correspondences in Spanish
The table below presents letter-sound correspondences in the order of the
traditional Spanish alphabet. (Refer to the article Writing system of Spanish in
Wikipedia for details on the Spanish alphabet and alphabetization.)
Letter
Name of
the
letter
IPA Pronunciation of the letter (English approximation)
A a
a
a Like a in father
B b
be, be
larga, be
alta
b Like b in bad .
β
Between vowels , the lips should not touch when
pronouncing the sound (somewhat similar to the v in
value ).
C c
ce
s/θ Before the vowels e and i , like c in center (Americas) or
Ch ch che
tʃ
Like ch in church . In Argentina it sounds almost like j in
jump , but it's clearly different from Argentinian y (see
below).
D d de
d
Does not have an exact English equivalent. Sounds similar
to the d in day , but instead of the tongue touching the
roof of the mouth behind the teeth, it should touch the
teeth themselves. Between vowels, the tongue should be
lowered so as to not touch the teeth (somewhat similar to
the th in the ).
E e
e
e Like e in ten .
F f
efe
f Like f in four .
G g ge
x Before the vowels e and i , like a Spanish j (see below).
g
Everywhere else , like g in get , but between vowels
(where the second vowel is a , o or u ), the tongue should
P
th in thin (Spain).
k Everywhere else ; like c in coffee
 

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