The Middle Ages Sources of Medieval History i SIXTH EDITION The Middle Ages VOLUMEI Sources of Medieval History SIXTH EDITION Brian Tierney Cornell University McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotd Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto McGraw-Hill College A Division of TheMcGraw-HiU Companies THE MIDDLE AGES, VOLUME 1: SOURCES OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY. SIXTH EDITION Copyright @ 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions C 1970,1973,1978,1983 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright @ 1992 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC DOC 9 3 2 1 0 9 ISBN 0-07-303289-1 Editorial director: Jane E. Vaicumas Sponsoring editor: Lyn Uhl Editorial coordinator: Rachel Morgan Senior marketing manager: Suzanne Daghlian Project manager: Cathy Ford Smith Production supervisor: Sandy Ludovissy Cover designer: Gino Cieslik Interior designer: Maureen McCutcheon Compositor: Shepherd, Inc. Typeface: 101'12 P@latino Printer: R. R. Donnelley & Sons CompanylCrawfordsville, IN This book is printed on acid-free paper. The Library of Congress has cataloged the two-volume edition as follows The Middle Ages / [edited by] Brian Tierney. - 6111 ed. P. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: v. 1. Sources in medieval history - ISBN 0-07-303289-1 (v. 1 : alk. paper) 1. Middle Ages-History-Sources. 2. Middle Ages-History. I. Tierney, Brian D113.M49 1999 98-16808 909.07--dc2l CIP www.mhhe.com About the Author After serving in the Royal Air Force, Brian Tierney received his B.A. and Ph.D. from Cambridge University. He has taught at Catholic University, Washington, D.C., and at Cornell, where he is now Bryce and Edith M. Bowmar Professor in Humanistic Studies Emeritus. He has been the recipient of Guggenheim Fellowships and of fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Professor Tierney has been awarded the honorary degrees of Doctor of Theology by Uppsala University, Sweden, and Doctor of Humane Letters by Catholic University. A specialist in medieval church history, he has published many articles and several books, among them Foundations of the Conciliar Theory; The Crisis of Church and State, 1050-1300; and Religion, Law, and the Growth of Constitutional Thought, 1150-1650. He is the coeditor with Joan Scott of Western Societies: A Documentary History. His most recent book is The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law, 1150-1625. v Contents NOTE ON THE SIXTH EDITION xv PREFACE xvii THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES 1 . The Late Roman Empire 3 1. AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS: FAULTS OF THE ROMAN PEOPLE 3 2. IMPERIAL REGIMENTATION: THE THEODOSIAN CODE 6 3. SALVIANus: THE BURDEN OF TAXATION 7 4. SIDONius APOLLINAIUS: COUNTRY HOUSE LIFE IN GAUL 9 2. Christianity and the Pagan Tradition 11 5. THE NICENE CREED 11 6. Two FAMOUS CONVERSIONS: CONSTANTINE AND AUGUSTINE 11 7. CHURCH AND STATE: THE "EDICT OF MILAN"; THE DISPUTE BETWEEN SYMMACHUS AND AMBROSE; AUGUSTINE AND GELASIUS 16 8. JEROME ON CLASSICAL LITERATURE 25 vii Viii CONTENTS 3. The Barbarians 27 9. THE GERMANIA OF TAciTus 27 10. A RomANIZED OSTROGOTH: THEODORIC 34 11. A BARBAROUS FRANK: CLOVIS 36 4. Roman, Christian, and Teutonic Conceptions of Law 40 12. THE CORPUS JURIS CIVILIS OF JUSTINIAN 40 13. CANONS OF THE COUNCIL OF NICEA 42 14. THE LAW OF THE SALIAN FRANKS 44 15. FORMULAS CONCERNING ORDEALS 48 5. The Rise of the Papacy 49 16. THE PRIMACY OF THE ROMAN SEE 49 17. THE PETRINE DOCTRINE ACCORDING To LEO 1 50 18. PAPAL HEADSHIP IN ACTION: GREGORY THE GREAT 51 6. Monasticism and the Conversion of the North 57 19. IRELAND: MONKS AND MISSIONARIES 57 20. THE RULE OF ST. BENEDICT 59 21. ENGLAND, ROME, AND GERMANY 66 7. Byz' antium and Islam 72 22. JUSTINIAN: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSONALITY 72 23. ISLAM: A NEW CMLIZA'NON 76 8. The Frankish-Papal Alliance 81 24. ROME, BYZANTTUM, AND FRANKisH GAUL 81 25. THE FOUNDING OF THE PAPAL STATES 83 26. CHARLEMAGNE: KING AND EMPEROR 84 9. The Early Medieval Empire 89 27. CAROLINGIAN GOVERNMENT 89 28. MONAsTic LIFE AND CULTURE 94 29. RURAL LIFE 98 10. Byzantium, the West, and the Slavs 102 30. LIUDPRAND's EMBASSY To CONSTANTINOPLE 102 31. THE I(IEVAN EMBASSY 105 11. The Development of Feudal Institutions 107 32. LORDSHIP AND VASSALAGE 107 33. THE FIEF AND PRIVATE JURISDICTION 110 34. FEUDAL OBLIGATIONS 112 35. THE PEACE AND TRUCE OF GOD 114 12. The Investiture Contest 117 36. CHURCH REFORM AND ROYAL THEOCRACY 117 37. THE PROGRAM OF GREGORY VII 121 38. GREGORY VII AND HENRY IV 123 39. THE END OF THE CONFLICT 127 THE TWELFTH CENTURY 13. The First Crusaders 133 40. POPE URBAN PROCLAIMS A CRUSADE 133 41. THE CAPTURE OF JERUSALEM 134 42. A BYZANTINE VIEW OF THE CRUSADERS 136 43. AN ARAB VIEW OF THE CRUSADERS 138 X CONTENTS 14. Ways of Thought and Feeling 143 44. ST. ANSELM: PROOF OF THE EXISTENCE OF GOD 143 45. PETER ABELARD: YES AND No 145 46. BERNARD OF CLAiRvAux: THE LOVE OF GOD 156 15. Towns and Trade 159 47. THE COMMUNAL REVOLT AT LAON 159 48. URBAN PRIVILEGES IN FRANCE, ENGLAND, AND ITALY 162 49. GUILD ORGANIZATION 165 50. THE VENETIAN COMMENDA OR COLLEGANTIA 167 51. A MEDIEVAL MERCHANT'S LIFE 168 16. Varieties of Medieval Literature 171 52. WARRIOR CHIVALRY: THE SONG OF ROLAND 171 53. TROUBADOUR SONGS 174 54. GOLIARDic LITERATURE: SONGS AND SATIRE 178 55. POPULAR PIETY.- OUR LADY'S TUMBLER 183 17. Women, Love and Marriage 186 56. LOVERS 186 57. LAWFUL MARRIAGE 189 58. MARRIAGE OR VIRGINITY: CHRISTINA'S CHOICE 194 59. WIDOWHOOD 198 18. Feudal Kingship 200 60. FRANCE: THE CAMPAIGNS OF Louis VI 200 61. ENGLAND: STEPHEN AND HENRY 11 202 19. Empire and Papacy 204 62. THE INCIDENT AT BESAN(;ON 204 63. CANONISTIC VIEWS ON IMPERIAL AND PAPAL POWER 207 THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY 20. The Zenith of Papal Power 213 64. LETTERS OF INNOCENT III 213 65. THE FOURTH LATERAN COUNCIL 216 66. THE CHURCH AND THE JEWS 222 21. Heretics and Friars 227 67. PETER WALDO AND THE WALDENSIANS 227 68. ACCUSATIONS AGAINST THE ALBIGENSIANS 230 69. HERESY AND INQUISITION 231 70. ST. FRANCIS OF Assisi 234 22. The French Monarchy 239 71. JOINVILLE's ACCOUNT OF ST. Louis 239 23. The Holy Roman Empire 245 72. FREDERICK 11 AND GERMANY 245 73. FREDERICK II AND THE PAPACY 246 74. A CONTEMPORARY VIEW OF THE EMPEROR 249 24. Constitutionalism in England 251 75. THE JURY- ASSIZE OF NOVEL DissEISIN AND ASSIZE UTRUM 251 76. MAGNA CARTA 252 77. THE PARLIAMENT OF EDWARD I 255 78. CORONATION OATH OF EDWARD II 258 25. Rural Life 259 79. THE MANOR HOUSE AND MANOR: PEASANT OBLIGATIONS 259 80. THE MANORIAL COURT 263 81. MANUMISSION OF A VILLEIN 265 Xii CONTENTS 26. The World of Thought 266 82. UNIVERSITY REGULATIONS 266 83. STUDENT LIFE 270 84. PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE: THOMAS AQUINAS, BONAVENTURA, JOHN BuRiDAN, NICHOLAS ORESME 273 THE LATE MIDDLE AGES 27. The Papacy and Its Critics 287 85. BONIFACE VIII: CLERicis LAICOS AND UNAM SANCTAM 287 86. FOUR SECULARIST PHILOSOPHERS: JOHN OF PARIS, WILLIAM OF OCKHAM, MARSIGLIO OF PADUA, AND JOHN WYCLIFF 290 87. DANTE ON PAPAL AVARICE 299 28. Fourteenth-Century Calamities 302 88. THE FAMINE OF 1315 302 89. THE BLACK DEATH 303 90. THE HUNDRED YEARS'WAR 307 29. Peasants'Rebellions 311 91. FRANCE: THE JACQUERIE (1358) 311 92. ENGLAND: THE PEASANTS'REvoLT (1381) 312 30. Women and Work 316 93. IDEAL MARRIAGE 316 94. A WOMAN DOCTOR: JACQUELINE FELICIE 317 95. PARISIAN SILK SPINNERS 320 96. A LONDON PROCURESS 321 97. WOMEN AND REASON: CHRISTINE DE PL7-AN 322 CONTENTS Xlll 31. Women and Religion: Saint and Heretic 325 98. A WOMAN MYSTIC: CATHERINE OF SIENA 325 99. A WOMAN HERETIC: MARGUERITE POFETE 327 32. Aspects of Late Medieval Government 330 100. GERMANY: THE GOLDEN BULL OF CHARLES IV 330 101. ENGLAND: THE DEPOSITION OF RICHARD 11 333 102. FRANCE: JEANNE D'ARC AND DIVINE RIGHT MONARCHY 335 103. ITALY AND THE PAPACY 338 33. Conciliarism in the Church 339 104. THE DOCTRINE OF CONCILIAR SUPREMACY 339 105. REFORM AND REACTION 341 34. Late Medieval Society--Classes and Attitudes 344 106. PIERS PLOWMAN: PEASANT DAILY FARE 344 107. IN PRAISE OF MERCHANTS 345 108. SOCIAL CLIMBERS 346 109. CHAUCER'S PEOPLE 347 35. Epilogue 355 110. FRAN(;OIS VILLON: LAUGHTER AND TEARS 355 Note on the Sixth Edition This new edition of Sources of Medieval History is similar to its predecessors in content and structure. The principal change is the inclusion of some new readings. There are several more readings on women's history, including substantial excerpts from Gratian's Decretum on the medieval law of marriage. Also, more material is included on Byzantium and Islam, on medieval Jewish life, and on peasant conditions....
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