Data_Center_Administration_Guide.pdf

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vSphere Datacenter Administration Guide ESX 4.1
vSphere Datacenter Administration
Guide
ESX 4.1
ESXi 4.1
vCenter Server 4.1
This document supports the version of each product listed and
supports all subsequent versions until the document is replaced
by a new edition. To check for more recent editions of this
EN-000297-00
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vSphere Datacenter Administration Guide
You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at:
The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.
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Copyright © 2009, 2010 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and
intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at
VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks
and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
VMware, Inc.
3401 Hillview Ave.
Palo Alto, CA 94304
www.vmware.com
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VMware, Inc.
Contents
About This Book 9
Virtualization with VMware vSphere
1 vSphere Concepts and Features 13
Virtualization Basics 13
Physical Topology of vSphere Datacenter 14
vSphere Software Components 15
vSphere Managed Inventory Objects 17
Optional vCenter Server Components 19
vCenter Server Plug-Ins 20
2 vSphere Client Interfaces 21
Start the vSphere Client and Log In 22
Stop the vSphere Client and Log Out 22
vSphere Web Access 22
VMware Service Console 23
3 Using the vSphere Client 25
Getting Started Tabs 26
Status Bar, Recent Tasks, and Triggered Alarms 26
Panel Sections 27
View Virtual Machine Console 27
Searching the vSphere Inventory 27
Using Lists 29
Custom Attributes 30
Select Objects 31
Manage vCenter Server Plug-Ins 31
Save vSphere Client Data 32
Working with Active Sessions 32
Setting Up vCenter Server
4 Using vCenter Server in Linked Mode 37
Linked Mode Prerequisites 37
Linked Mode Considerations 38
Join a Linked Mode Group After Installation 38
Reconciling Roles When Connecting vCenter Server to a Linked Mode Group 39
Isolate a vCenter Server Instance from a Linked Mode Group 40
Change the Domain of a vCenter Server System in a Linked Mode Group 40
VMware, Inc.
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vSphere Datacenter Administration Guide
Configure the URLs on a Linked Mode vCenter Server System 40
Linked Mode Troubleshooting 41
Monitor vCenter Server Services 43
5 Configuring Hosts and vCenter Server 45
Host Configuration 45
Configuring vCenter Server 45
Configuring Communication Among ESX, vCenter Server, and the vSphere Client 55
Setting Up Your Virtual Infrastructure
6 Organizing Your Inventory 59
Create Datacenters 60
Add Hosts 60
Create Clusters 61
Create Resource Pools 62
Create Datastores 62
Create Host-Wide Networks 63
Create Datacenter-Wide Networks 64
7 Managing ESX/ESXi and vCenter Server Licenses 69
About License Key Capacity 70
About vSphere and vCenter Server License Keys 71
About Using a License Server to Manage ESX 3.x/ESXi 3.5 Hosts 71
About the License Portal 72
About License Inventories 73
Controlling License Permissions 74
View License Information 74
Add a License Key to the License Inventory and Assign It to an Asset 75
Add Multiple License Keys to the License Inventory 76
Assign a License Key to Multiple Assets 76
Export Report Data 77
License a Host Without vCenter Server 78
License a Host When Adding It to the vCenter Server Inventory 78
View Which Features Are Licensed on a Host 78
Set an ESX/ESXi Host to Evaluation Mode 79
About the Licensing Reporting Manager 79
About Licensing Reports 79
View Licensing Usage Reports with the Licensing Reporting Manager 81
Download a Licensing Report 81
Set a Threshold for License Usage 82
Troubleshooting Licensing 82
8 Managing Users, Groups, Roles, and Permissions 87
Managing vSphere Users 87
Groups 89
Removing or Modifying Users and Groups 90
Best Practices for Users and Groups 90
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Contents
Using Roles to Assign Privileges 90
Permissions in vSphere 94
Best Practices for Roles and Permissions 102
Required Privileges for Common Tasks 102
Monitoring Your Virtual Infrastructure
9 Working with Performance Statistics 107
Statistics Collection for vCenter Server 107
Statistics Collection for Microsoft Windows Guest Operating Systems 114
vCenter Server Performance Charts 115
Monitoring and Troubleshooting Performance 119
10 Monitoring Host Health Status 125
Monitor Health Status When Directly Connected to a Host 126
Monitor Health Status When Connected to vCenter Server 126
Reset Hardware Sensors When Directly Connected to a Host 127
Reset Health Status Sensors When Connected to vCenter Server 127
Troubleshoot the Hardware Health Service 127
11 SNMP and vSphere 129
Using SNMP Traps with vCenter Server 129
Configure SNMP for ESX/ESXi 130
SNMP Diagnostics 134
Using SNMP with Guest Operating Systems 134
VMware MIB Files 134
12 Monitoring Storage Resources 147
Working with Storage Reports 147
Working with Storage Maps 149
13 Working with Alarms 151
Alarm Triggers 152
Alarm Actions 162
Alarm Reporting 167
Creating Alarms 167
Managing Alarms 171
Managing Alarm Actions 175
Preconfigured VMware Alarms 178
14 System Log Files 181
View System Log Entries 181
View System Logs on an ESXi Host 181
External System Logs 182
Configure Syslog on ESXi Hosts 183
Export Diagnostic Data 184
Collecting Log Files 184
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