TC - Turkish Language Lessons 4.pdf - beginner lessons - jasminmariusz

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Pronouns 1

Personal Pronouns

Here are the Turkish translations of the personal pronouns. However, these pronouns are generally omitted in sentences

since person is implied in the adjectives or the verbs in sentences. They are often used to stress the person.

ben

i am adjective

ben adjective im

you

sen

you are adjective sen adjective sin

he \

she

she | is adjective

o adjective

it /

biz

we are adjective biz adjective iz

you

siz

you are adjective siz adjective siniz

they

onlar

they are adjective onlar adjective ler

güzel > beautiful

I am beautiful. > Ben güzelim. > Güzelim. (Personal pronoun is implied)

You are beautiful. > Sen güzelsin. > Güzelsin.

He/she/it is beautiful. > O güzel. > Güzel.

We are beautiful. > Biz güzeliz. > Güzeliz.

You are beautiful. > Siz güzelsiniz. > Güzelsiniz.

They are beautiful. > Onlar güzeller. > Güzeller.

kötü > bad

I am bad. > Ben kötüyüm. > Kötüyüm. (Note how kötü and m are connected with the fusion consonant ' y '.)

You are bad. > Sen kötüsün. > Kötüsün.

He/she/it is bad. > O kötü. > Kötü.

We are bad. > Biz kötüyüz. > Kötüyüz.

You are bad. > Siz kötüsiniz. > Kötüsünüz.

They are bad. > Onlar kötüler. > Kötüler.

geliyor > coming (present continuous tense)

I am coming. > Ben geliyorum. > Geliyorum.

You are coming. > Sen geliyorsun. > Geliyorsun.

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He/she/it is coming. > O geliyor. > Geliyor.

We are coming. > Biz geliyoruz. > Geliyoruz.

You are coming. > Siz geliyorsunuz. > Geliyorsunuz.

They are coming. > Onlar geliyorlar. > Geliyorlar.

For nouns other than these pronouns, you must use the third person case.

Marzena is beautiful. > Marzena güzel.

Marzena is very beautiful. > Marzena çok güzel.

Joe is bad. > Joe kötü.

Joe is coming. > Joe geliyor.

Demonstrative pronouns

These are the pronouns used for obects instead of people.

this

that (between this and

that)

that

these

bunlar

those (between these

and those)

unlar

those

onlar

kitap > book

Bu bir kitap. > This is a book.

u bir kitap. > That is a book.

O bir kitap. > That is a book.

Bunlar kitaplar. > These are books.

unlar kitaplar. > Those are books.

Onlar kitaplar. > Those are books.

Possessive Pronouns

Personal posessive pronouns:

benim

my noun

benim noun im

your

senin

your noun

senin noun in

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his

his \

her

onun

her | noun

onun noun i

its

its /

our

bizim

our noun

bizim noun imiz

your

sizin

your noun

sizin noun iniz

their

onların

their noun

onların nounleri

Notice his/her/its is o-n-un instead of o-un . Since two vowels don't come together in Turkish, one fusion consonant is

added in between. It is ' n ' in this case. Either a fusion consonant is added in between, or one of the vowels is dropped

whenever a vowel is followed by another vowel. Which technique must be used changes among different rules, but it is

consistent in a single rule. This will be mentioned in different lessons when necessary.

ev > house

my house > benim evim > evim (personal pronoun is implied)

your house > senin evin > evin

his/her/its house > onin evi > onun evi > evi

our house > bizim evimiz > evimiz

your house > sizin eviniz > eviniz

their house > onların evleri > evleri

araba > car

my car > benim arabam > arabam (the suffix im becomes m when added after a vowel, since two vowels don't come

together in Turkish)

your car > senin araban > araban

his/her/its car > onin arabası > onun arabası > arabası (Instead of dropping one vowel, here the fusion consonant

's' is added between vowels since the suffix is only a single vowel.)

our car > bizim arabamız > arabamız

your car > sizin arabanız > arabanız

their car > onların arabaları > arabaları

For nouns other than these pronouns, always the third person form is used.

Gizem's house > Gizem'in evi

Gizem's car > Gizem'in arabası

My mother's house > Annemin evi

Demonstartive posessive pronouns:

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of this

bunun

of that (between this

and that)

unun

of that

onun

of these

bunların

of those (between

these and those)

unların

of those

onların

Bunun evi > The house of this

unun evi > The house of that

Onun evi > The house of that

Bunların evleri > The house of these.

unların evleri > The house of those.

Onların evleri > The house of those.

For nouns other than these pronouns, always the third person form is used.

The room of the house > Evin odası

Cat's food > Kedinin yemeği

Reflexive Pronouns

The way reflexive pronouns are constructed in Turkish is very similar to the way we do it in English. The Turkish word for

self is kendi . The reflexive pronouns hence are as follows:

myself

kendiim

kendim

yourself

kendiin

kendin

himself

herself

kendisi

itself

ourselves

kendiimiz kendimiz

yourselves kendiiniz kendiniz

themselves kendileri kendileri

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