Pragmatic.-.Code.in.the.Cloud.Programming.Google.App.Engine.2011.RETAiL.eBOOk-rebOOk.pdf

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Code in the Cloud
Programming Google App Engine
Mark C. Chu-Carroll
The Pragmatic Bookshelf
Raleigh, North Carolina
Dallas, Texas
 
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The team that produced this book includes:
Editor:
Colleen Toporek
Indexing:
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Copy edit:
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Production:
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Copyright © 2011 Pragmatic Programmers, LLC.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit-
ted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN-10: 1-934356-63-8
ISBN-13: 978-1-934356-63-0
Printed on acid-free paper.
P1.0 printing, April, 2011
V e r s io n : 2011-4-14
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Contents
I
Getting Started with Google App Engine
9
1
Introduction
10
1.1
What’s Cloud Computing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
1.2
Cloud Computing Programming Systems
. . . . . .
16
1.3
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
2
Getting Started
20
2.1
Setting Up a Google App Engine Account
. . . . . .
20
2.2
Setting Up Y o u r
Development Environment . . . . .
22
2.3
Starting to Program in Python with App Engine
. .
25
2.4
Monitoring Y o u r
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
II
Programming Google App Engine with Python
36
3
A First Real Cloud Application
37
3.1
The Basic Chat Application
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
3.2
The Basics of HTTP
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
3.3
Mapping Chat into HTTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
4
Managing Data in the Cloud
53
4.1
Why Didn’t Chat W o r k ?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
4.2
Making Chat Persistent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
5
Google App Engine Services for Login Authentication
65
5.1
Introducing the Users Service . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
5.2
The Users Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
5.3
Integrating the Users Service into Chat
. . . . . . .
67
6
Organizing Code: Separating UI and Logic
70
6.1
Getting Started with Templates . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
6.2
Building Related V i e w s with Templates
. . . . . . .
75
6.3
Multiple Chat Rooms
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
 
CONTENTS
6
7
Making the UI Pretty: T e m p l a t e s and CSS
87
7.1
Introducing CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
7.2
Styling Text Using CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
7.3
Page Layouts Using CSS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
7.4
Building Our Interface Using Flowed Layout
. . . .
102
7.5
Including CSS Files in App Engine Applications
. .
105
8
Getting Interactive
107
8.1
Interactive W e b
Services: The Basics . . . . . . . . .
107
8.2
The Model-View-Controller Design Pattern
. . . . .
110
8.3
Talking to the Server without Disruption
. . . . . .
113
8.4
References and Resources
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121
III
Programming Google App Engine with Java
122
9
Google App Engine and Java
123
9.1
Introducing GWT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125
9.2
Getting Started with Java and GWT
. . . . . . . . .
127
9.3
RPC in GWT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
135
9.4
Testing and Deploying with GWT
. . . . . . . . . . .
140
10
Managing Server-Side Data
141
10.1
Data Persistence in Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
141
10.2
Storing Persistent Objects in GWT
. . . . . . . . . .
145
10.3
Retrieving Persistent Objects in GWT . . . . . . . . .
149
10.4
Gluing the Client and the Server Together . . . . . .
151
10.5
References and Resources
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
153
11
Building User Interfaces in Java
154
11.1
Why Use GWT?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
154
11.2
Building GWT UIs with W i d g e t s
. . . . . . . . . . . .
155
11.3
Making the UI Active: Handling Events
. . . . . . .
162
11.4
Making the UI Active: Updating the Display . . . . .
167
11.5
W r a p p i n g
Up with GWT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
169
11.6
References and Resources
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
170
12
Building the Server Side of a Java Application
171
12.1
Filling in Gaps: Supporting Chat Rooms . . . . . . .
171
12.2
Proper Interactive Design: Being Incremental . . . .
176
12.3
Updating the Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
184
12.4
Chat Administration
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
185
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CONTENTS
7
12.5
Running and Deploying the Chat Application . . . .
187
12.6
W r a p p i n g
Up the Server Side
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
189
IV
Advanced Google App Engine
190
13
Advanced Datastore: Property Types
191
13.1
Building a Filesystem Service
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
191
13.2
Modeling the Filesystem: A First Cut . . . . . . . . .
195
13.3
Property Types Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
212
13.4
W r a p p i n g
Up Property Types
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
215
14
Advanced Datastore: Queries and Indices
216
14.1
Indices and Queries in Datastore . . . . . . . . . . .
217
14.2
More Flexible Models
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223
14.3
Transactions,Keys, and Entity Groups
. . . . . . .
224
14.4
Policy and Consistency Models
. . . . . . . . . . . .
226
14.5
Incremental Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
230
15
Google App Engine Services
232
15.1
The Memcache Service
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
233
15.2
Accessing Other Stuff: The URL Fetch Service
. . .
238
15.3
Communicating with People: Mail and Chat Services
239
15.4
Sending and Receiving Email
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
243
15.5
W r a p p i n g
Up Services
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
246
16
Server Computing in the Cloud
248
16.1
Scheduling Jobs with App Engine Cron
. . . . . . .
249
16.2
Running Jobs Dynamically Using the Task Queue .
253
16.3
W r a p p i n g
Up Server Computing . . . . . . . . . . . .
259
17
Security in App Engine Services
260
17.1
What Is Security?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
260
17.2
Basic Security
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
261
17.3
Advanced Security
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
269
18
Administering Y o u
r App Engine Deployment
277
18.1
Monitoring
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
277
18.2
Peeking at the Datastore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
281
18.3
Logs and Debugging
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
282
18.4
Managing Y o u r
Application
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
284
18.5
Paying for What Y o u
Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
285
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