Enzymes at work (2009).pdf

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AGRICULTURAL WASTE ANIMAL FEED ANIMAL WASTE APPLE
STOCK BEER BERRY MASH BIOPOLISHING BIOFUEL BISCUITS
CULTURE CEREAL FOOD CHEESE CLEANING FLUIDS COLOR
EYE CARE FABRIC CARE FABRIC CLEANING FAT SUBSTITUTES
LEATHER LOW-ALCOHOL BEER MANGO JUICE MARGARINE
POND WATER PORK POULTRY RAW SILK RED WINE SHRIMP
PONDS SEPTIC SYSTEMS SKIN MOISTURIZER SOFT DRINKS
SOFTER COTTON TEXTILES STAIN REMOVAL STARCH STARCH
TEXTILES TOOTHPASTE VARNISHES VEGETABLE OIL VEGETABLES
Enzymes at work
JUICE APRICOTS AQUARIUMS BATHROOM CLEANING BEEF
FERTILIZERS FISH FARMS FLOOR CLEANING FLOUR GRAPES
MAYONNAISE MEAT MILK NOODLES ODOR CONTROLLERS
PET FOOD PINEAPPLE JUICE PIP FRUIT PLASTICS POLYMERS
WASTE DEGRADATION WASTE ELIMINATORS WASTEWATER
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Rethink Tomorrow...
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Contents
1.
Whyuseenzymesforindustrialprocesses?
6
5.2.2 Liming
19
5.2.3 Bating
19
.
thenatureofenzymes
9
5.2.4 Acid bating
19
2.1 Chemical reactions under mild conditions
9
5.2.5 Degreasing/fat dispersion
19
2.2 Highly specific action
9
5.2.6 Area expansion
20
2.3 Very high reaction rates
9
5. forestproducts
0
2.4 Numerous enzymes for different tasks
9
5.3.1 Traditional pulp and paper processing
20
5.3.2 Amylases for starch modification for paper coatings
21
. industrialenzymeproduction
10
5.3.3 Xylanases for bleach boosting
21
5.3.4 Lipases for pitch control
21
. enzymesfordetergentsandpersonalcare 1
4.1 Laundry detergents and automatic
5.3.5 Esterases for stickies control
21
5.3.6 Enzymes for deinking
21
dishwashing detergents
12
5. animalfeed
4.1.2 The role of detergent enzymes
13
5.4.1 The use of phytases
23
4.1.3 Enzymes for cleaning-in-place (CIP)
5.4.2 NSP-degrading enzymes
23
and membrane cleaning in the food industry
13
5.5 oilandgasdrilling
4.2 Personal care
13
5.6 Biopolymers
5.7 fuelethanol
5
5. enzymeapplicationsinnonfoodindustries 1
5.1 textiles
5.8 enzymesinorganicsynthesis–Biocatalysis
6
15
5.8.1 Enzymes commonly used for organic synthesis
26
5.1.1 Enzymatic desizing of cotton fabric
15
5.8.2 Enantiomerically pure compounds
28
5.1.2 Enzymes for denim finishing
16
5.1.3 Cellulases for the BioPolishing of cotton fabric
17
6. enzymeapplicationsinthefoodindustry
9
5.1.4 Cellulases for the BioPolishing of lyocell
17
6.1 sweetenerproduction
9
5.1.5 Enzymes for wool and silk finishing
17
6.1.1 Enzymes for starch modification
30
5.1.6 Scouring with enzymes
18
6.1.2 Tailor-made glucose syrups
30
5. leather
18
6.1.3 Processing and enzymology
30
5.2.1 Soaking
18
6.1.4 Sugar processing
32
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6. Baking
6.7.4 Fruit preparations
45
6.2.1 Flour supplementation
34
6.7.5 Winemaking
45
6.2.2 Dough conditioning
35
6.7.6 Oil extraction
46
6.2.3 The synergistic effects of enzymes
36
6.8 enzymaticmodificationoflipids
6
6.2.4 Reduction of acrylamide content in food products
36
6.8.1 Enzymatic degumming
46
6. dairyproducts
6
6.8.2 Enzymes in simple fat production
47
6.3.1 Cheesemaking
36
6.9 Reduction of viscosity in general
47
6.3.2 Rennet and rennet substitutes
37
6.3.3 Cheese ripening
37
7. safety
9
6.3.4 Infant milk formulas
38
6. Brewing
8
8.
enzymeregulationandqualityassurance
50
6.4.1 Mashing
38
8.1 Detergent enzymes
50
6.4.2 Brewing with barley
39
8.2 Food enzymes
50
6.4.3 General filtration problems
39
6.4.4 Enzymes for improving fermentation
39
9. enzymeoriginandfunction
51
6.4.5 Diacetyl control
40
9.1 Biochemical synthesis of enzymes
51
6.5 distilling–potablealcohol
0
9.2 How enzymes function
51
6.5.1 Starch liquefaction
41
9.3 Basic enzyme kinetics
54
6.5.2 Starch saccharification
41
6.5.3 Viscosity reduction – High gravity fermentation
41
10. ashorthistoryofindustrialenzymes
56
6.6 proteinhydrolysisforfoodprocessing
1
6.6.1 Flavor enhancers
42
11. productionmicroorganisms
58
6.6.2 Meat extracts
42
6.6.3 Pet food
43
1. futureprospects inconclusion
59
6.7 extractionofplantmaterial
6.7.1 Plant cell walls and specific enzyme activities
43
1. glossary
60
6.7.2 Fruit juice processing
44
6.7.3 Citrus fruit
44
1. literature
6
5
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