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The Project Gutenberg eBook of How To Make Rugs, by Candace Wheeler http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28109/28109-h/28109-h.htm
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The Project Gutenberg EBook of How to make rugs, by Candace Wheeler
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Title: How to make rugs
Author: Candace Wheeler
Release Date: February 18, 2009 [EBook #28109]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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HOW TO MAKE RUGS
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248261762.001.png
The Project Gutenberg eBook of How To Make Rugs, by Candace Wheeler http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28109/28109-h/28109-h.htm
LOOM WARPED FOR WEAVING
How to Make Rugs
By
CANDACE WHEELER
Author of “Principles of Home Decoration,” etc.
ILLUSTRATED
NEW YORK
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
1908
Copyright, 1900
By C ANDACE W HEELER
Copyright, 1902
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of How To Make Rugs, by Candace Wheeler http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28109/28109-h/28109-h.htm
By D OUBLEDAY , P AGE & C O .
Published October, 1902
CONTENTS
FOREWORD: HOME INDUSTRIES AND DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES .
CHAPTER
I. RUG WEAVING.
19
II. THE PATTERN.
33
III. DYEING.
45
IV. INGRAIN CARPET RUGS.
57
V. WOVEN RAG PORTIERES.
67
VI. WOOLEN RUGS.
79
VII. COTTON RUGS.
99
VIII. LINSEY WOOLSEY.
113
NEIGHBOURHOOD INDUSTRIES: AFTER-WORD.
125
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Loom Warped for Weaving
Frontispiece
FACING PAGE
Weaving
20
The Onteora Rug
36
The Lois Rug
52
Sewed Fringe for Woven Portiere
72
Knotted Warp Fringe for Woven Table-cover
72
Isle La Motte Rug
90
Greek Border in Red and Black
108
Braided and Knotted Fringe
108
Diamond Border in Red and Black
108
The Lucy Rug
128
FOREWORD.
HOME INDUSTRIES AND DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of How To Make Rugs, by Candace Wheeler http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28109/28109-h/28109-h.htm
T HE subject of Home Industries is beginning to attract the attention of those who are
interested in political economy and the general welfare of the country, and thoughtful
people are asking themselves why, in all the length and breadth of America, there are
no well-established and prosperous domestic manufactures.
We have no articles of use or luxury made in homes which are objects of
commercial interchange or sources of family profit. To this general statement there are
but few exceptions, and curiously enough these are, for the most part, in the work of
our native Indians.
A stranger in America, wishing—after the manner of travelers—to carry back
something characteristic of the country, generally buys what we call “Indian
curiosities”—moccasins, baskets, feather-work, and the one admirable and
well-established product of Indian manufacture, the Navajo blanket. But these hardly
represent the mass of our people.
We may add to the list of Indian industries, lace making, which is being successfully
taught at some of the reservations, but as it is not as yet even a self-supporting
industry, the above-named “curiosities” and the Navajo blanket stand alone as
characteristic hand-work produced by native races; while from our own, or that of the
co-existent Afro-American, we have nothing to show in the way of true domestic
manufactures.
When we contrast this want of production with the immense home product of
Europe, Asia, parts of Africa, and South America—and even certain islands of the
Southern Seas—we cannot help feeling a sort of dismay at the contrast; and it is only
by a careful study of the conditions which have made the difference that we become
reassured. It is, in fact, our very prosperity, the exceptionally favourable circumstances
which are a part of farming life in this country, which has hitherto diverted efforts into
other channels.
These conditions did not exist during the early days of America, and we know that
while there was little commercial exchange of home commodities, many of the arts
which are used to such profitable purpose abroad existed in this country and served
greatly to modify home expenses and increase home comforts. To account for the
cessation of these household industries, it is only necessary to notice the drift of certain
periods in the short history of America’s settlement and development.
We shall see that the decline of domestic manufactures in New England and the
Middle States was coincident with two rapidly increasing movements, one of which
was the opening and settlement of the great West, and the other the establishment of
cotton and woolen mills throughout the country.
In short, the abundant acreage of Western lands, fertile beyond the dreams of New
England or Old World tillers, threw the entire business of production or family support
upon the man. The profit of his easily acquired farm land was so great and certain that
it became almost a reproach to him to have his womenkind busy themselves with other
than necessary household duties.
The cotton and woolen mills stood ready to supply the needed material for clothing,
and it was positive economy to push the spinning-wheel out of sight under the garret
eaves and chop up the bulky loom for firewood. The wife and daughters might
reputably cook and clean for the men whose business it was to cover the black acres
with golden wheat, but spinning and weaving were decidedly unfashionable
occupations. Even the emigrants from countries where the spinning and weaving habit
was an inheritance as well as a necessity, were governed by the custom of the country,
and devoted the entire energy of the family to the raising of crops.
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of How To Make Rugs, by Candace Wheeler http://www.gutenberg.org/files/28109/28109-h/28109-h.htm
It is, in fact, owing to fortunate circumstances that, if we except the mountain
regions of the South, there are no longer farmhouse or domestic manufactures in
America.
This, as I have said, only goes to prove the hitherto unexampled prosperity of the
country. In fact, the absence of these very industries means that there are greater
sources of profit within the reach of farming households.
This being so, it is natural to ask, why the re-establishment of farmhouse
manufactures, or the encouragement and development of them, is a desirable
movement.
There are exceedingly good individual and personal reasons; and there are also
commercial and national ones, which should not be ignored.
All farmers are not successful. There are many poor as well as rich ones; and the
wife of a poor farmer has less pecuniary independence, less money to spend, and fewer
ways of gaining it, than any other woman of equal education and character in America.
A poor farmer is often obliged to pay out for labour, fencing, stock, insurance and
taxes every dollar gained by the sale of his crops, and if by good luck or good
management there should be a small excess, he is apt to hoard it against unlooked-for
emergencies. This, at first enforced economy, grows to be the habit of his life, so that
even if he becomes well-to-do, or even rich, he distrusts exceedingly the wisdom of
any expenditure save his own.
A mechanic, or a man in any small line of business, must trust his wife with the
disbursement of a certain part of the family income. It passes through her hands in the
way of housekeeping, and the management of it exercises and develops her faculties;
but the wife of the farmer has no such interest. The farm is expected to supply the
family living, and this blessed fact becomes almost a curse when it deprives the wife of
the mental stimulus incident to the management of resources.
Added to this there is often, at least through the winter, partial or complete isolation
from neighbourly or public interests. The great crops of the country are produced
under circumstances which necessitate distance from even the most limited social
centres, and that the farmer’s wife suffers from this we know, not only from
observation, but from the statistics of insane asylums. And here I am tempted to quote
from a letter of a close student of farmhouse life in the West. She writes:
“That the farmer himself, as isolated and hard worked, makes no such record, I
believe due to the mental tonic, the broadening influence that comes from a sense of
responsibility in life’s larger affairs. The woman works like a machine, irresponsible as
to final results; the man like a thinking, planning, responsible, independent human
being.”
This seems to me a very fair statement of the case. The woman, who misses social
companionship, and who has not the saving influence of administration and
responsibility even in her own household, is narrowed to a very small point in life’s
affairs, and it is inevitable that she should suffer from it. The variety of her work also
has dwindled. Cooking and house-cleaning follow each other in monotonous routine,
with too much of it at planting and harvest seasons and too little at others. She has not
even the pleasure of comparison and emulation in her daily work; it neither exercises
her faculties nor stimulates her thought.
During the winter months she has abundant leisure for a harvest of her own, in some
interesting manufacture adapted to her education and circumstances, and in the
prosecution of these she would be brought into a bond of common interest with other
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