Alternate_Cooking_Methods.pdf

Alternate Cooking

Solar Cookers......................................................................................................................................................... 2

Solar Box Cooker................................................................................................................................................ 2

Solar Tire Cooker................................................................................................................................................ 4

Solar Umbrella Cooker........................................................................................................................................ 5

Solar Windshield Shade Funnel Cooker............................................................................................................. 6

Fire Cooking ........................................................................................................................................................... 8

Three Stone Fire ................................................................................................................................................. 8

Hearths ............................................................................................................................................................... 9

Fire Hole ............................................................................................................................................................. 9

Rocket Stove..................................................................................................................................................... 10

If you have no utilities and no way to prepare hot meals without the aid of your kitchen appliances, you may have

to survive on cold, ready-to-eat foods. Initially, that may not prove to be much of a problem, but unless you have

invested heavily in ready-to-eat foods, you will eventually run out of things you can serve without cooking. For

economic reasons, emergency food supplies are often built around large quantities of low-cost grain products that

can tolerate long-term storage. These are items such as beans, oatmeal, pasta, lentils, split peas, wheat, and

rice–all of which must be cooked. You may even discover that half of your emergency food calories are locked up

in dry grain products. This should not present much of problem, however, because with a good camp stove and a

decent supply of cooking fuel, you can avail yourself of all those grains and prepare hot food for every meal.

Fortunately, cooking with camp stoves is cheap and easy, so there is really no excuse for serving cold food, even

in a prolonged emergency situation. Here are some tips for cooking without modern appliances:

► Acquire at least one camp stove that burns Coleman liquid fuel and a second stove that burns propane.

Propane camp stoves are very safe for indoor cooking, but they cost a lot more to operate than liquid fuel

stoves. Save the propane stove for use when the weather is bad or when it is simply not safe to cook

outdoors.

► Some camp stoves are dual-fuel capable, which means they can burn both Coleman liquid fuel and

regular unleaded gasoline. These stoves are inexpensive, so you might think about buying two or three

and saving one for use as a back up. If you cannot find Coleman liquid fuel, you can still store enough

cooking fuel for a dual-fuel stove for months: fill up a couple of 5-gallon gas cans. A 10,000 BTU burner,

operating for an hour each day, will only use about two gallons per month. Although Coleman liquid fuel is

highly refined and has chemical stabilizers for long-term storage, you still need to rotate your stock to

keep it fresh. Measure the rate at which your stoves consume fuel, then acquire a 6-month supply for

each one. Plan for an average of 20 minutes of cooking time for each meal. This rate of consumption will

allow you to boil large kettles of pasta or beans.

► If you become sick, your family members will have to cook for you, so while conditions are still normal, be

sure to have everyone become familiar with the stoves. Show them how to setup, light, cook, clean, re-

fuel, and store each stove.

► For emergency cooking indoors, you can use a fireplace. You can keep cooked food hot by using candle

warmers, chafing dishes, and fondue pots. Use only approved devices for warming food.

► A charcoal grill, camp stove or fire pit can be used outdoors.

► Canned food can be eaten right out of the can. If you heat it in the can, be sure to open the can and

remove the label before heating. Always make sure to extinguish open flames before leaving the room.

Have at least two manual can openers for all those canned goods.

► Utilize various solar ovens and cookers when sunlight is available. In the following section, there are

several simple cookers, which can be expediently constructed.

► Utilize simple fire cookers that also can be easily constructed, also listed in the following section.

► If prepared in advance, freezer bag meals can be used; techniques and recipes are listed in the following

section as well.

► MRE’s (Meals, Ready to Eat) are pre-packaged single meals issued to US military personnel during

exercises or combat. These meals come in cases of 12 in two variants, the A and B case, with different

meals in each case. In the new MRE meals, there is a flameless chemical heater that is activated by

adding a small amount of water to the heater bag. Once activated, these heaters get extremely hot and

can produce a scalding steam. Caution is required! Read the directions carefully before using chemical

heater bags. MREs are quite expensive and heavy but can be very useful where cooking time, resources

or mobility are at a premium. Army/Navy surplus stores or EBay auction often carry MREs.

Solar Cookers

Solar Box Cooker

What You Will Need

► Two cardboard boxes. We would suggest that you use an inner box that is at least 15 inch x 15 inch (38

cm x 38 cm), but bigger is better. The outer box should be larger all around, but it doesn't matter how

much bigger, as long as there is a half inch (1.5cm) or more of an airspace between the two boxes. The

distance between the two boxes does not have to be equal all the way around. Also, keep in mind that it

is very easy to adjust the size of a cardboard box by cutting and gluing it.

► One sheet of cardboard to make the lid. This piece must be approximately 2 to 3 inch (4 to 8 cm) larger

all the way around than the top of the finished cooker (the outer box).

► One small roll of aluminum foil.

► One can of flat-black spray paint (look for the words "non-toxic when dry") or one small jar of black

tempera paint. Some people have reported making their own paint out of soot mixed with wheat paste.

► At least 8 ounces (250 g) of white glue or wheat paste.

► One Reynolds Oven Cooking Bag®. These are available in almost all supermarkets in the U.S. They are

rated for 400 °F (204 °C) so they are perfect for solar cooking. They are not UV-resistant; thus they will

become more brittle and opaque over time and may need to be replaced periodically. A sheet of glass

can also be used, but this is more expensive and fragile, and doesn't offer that much better cooking

except on windy days.

Fold the top flaps closed on the outer box and set the inner box on top and trace a line around it onto the top of

the outer box, Remove the inner box and cut along this line to form a hole in the top of the outer box (Figure 1).

Decide how deep you want your oven to be. It should be about 1 inch (2.5 cm) deeper than your largest pot and

about 1" shorter than the outer box so that there will be a space between the bottoms of the boxes once the

cooker is assembled. Using a knife slit the corners of the inner box down to that height. Fold each side down

forming extended flaps (Figure 2). Folding is smoother if you first draw a firm line from the end of one cut to the

other where the folds are to go.

Glue aluminum foil to the inside of both boxes and also to the inside of the remaining top flaps of the outer box.

Don't bother being neat on the outer box, since it will never be seen, nor will it experience any wear. The inner

box will be visible even after assembly, so if it matters to you, you might want to take more time here. Glue the top

flaps closed on the outer box.

Place some wads of crumpled newspaper into the outer box so that when you set the inner box down inside the

hole in the outer box, the flaps on the inner box just touch the top of the outer box (Figure 3). Glue these flaps

onto the top of the outer box. Trim the excess flap length to be even with the perimeter of the outer box. Finally, to

make the drip pan, cut a piece of cardboard, the same size as the bottom of the interior of the oven and apply foil

to one side. Paint this foiled side black and allow it to dry. Put this in the oven so that it rests on the bottom of the

inner box (black side up), and place your pots on it when cooking. The base is now finished.

Take the large sheet of cardboard and lay it on top of the base. Trace its outline and then cut and fold down the

edges to form a lip of about 3" (7.5cm). Fold the corner flaps around and glue to the side lid flaps. (Figure 4).

Orient the corrugations so that they go from left to right as you face the oven so that later the prop may be

inserted into the corrugations (Figure 6). One trick you can use to make the lid fit well is to lay the pencil or pen

against the side of the box when marking (Figure 5). Don't glue this lid to the box; you'll need to remove it to move

pots in and out of the oven.

To make the reflector flap, draw a line on the lid, forming a rectangle the same size as the oven opening. Cut

around three sides and fold the resulting flap up forming the reflector (Figure 6). Foil this flap on the inside. To

make a prop bend a 12" (30cm) piece of hanger wire as indicated in Figure 6. This can then be inserted into the

corrugations as shown.

Next, turn the lid upside-down and glue the oven bag (or other glazing material) in place. We have had great

success using the turkey size oven bag (19" x 23 1/2", 47.5cm x 58.5cm) applied as is, i.e., without opening it up.

This makes a double layer of plastic. The two layers tend to separate from each other to form an airspace as the

oven cooks. When using this method, it is important to also glue the bag closed on its open end. This stops water

vapor from entering the bag and condensing. Alternately you can cut any size oven bag open to form a flat sheet

large enough to cover the oven opening.

Solar Tire Cooker

What You Will Need

► An old car tube. If the tube is punctured get it patched and inflate.

► A wood board

► An aluminum cooking pot with lid, painted flat black

► A piece of glass large enough to cover the tire tube

Take an aluminum cooking vessel with a lid. Paint it black from the outside. Put all the ingredients for cooking in

the cooking pot.

Place the cooking vessel inside the tube. Cover the tube with a piece of plain glass and place in direct sunlight.

Within a few hours the food will be cooked.

The place in the well of the tube is a closed cavity so air neither goes out nor come in. The rays of the sun enter

the glass and get trapped. Slowly, the temperature of the cooking vessel rises and the food cooks.

Solar Umbrella Cooker

What You Will Need

► An umbrella (if can be, with a minimum of 120 cm of diameter when is open)

► Conventional aluminum paper

► White standard glue

► A manual saw for metals

► A manual drill.

► A tripod (any support for flowerpots of 3 legs will serve)

► Tools: tape measure, brush, permanent labeler, scissors.

First we must open the umbrella and stick, with white glue, one strip of aluminum paper on each one of the “sides”

that form the umbrella. We will try to adapt with the maximum accuracy, using the scissors, the shape of

aluminum strips to the form of the umbrella. Next, with the aid of the scissors, we will cut and stick more aluminum

pieces in order to fill the places of the umbrella that still haven’t got reflector. Now we should have already the

umbrella all covered with aluminum paper.

Next, we will look for the focal point. (PAY ATTENTION: use sunglasses at this point!) Facing the umbrella the

sun, we will look at the handle and we will indicate, with the permanent labeler, the most shining zone. Before

cutting the main handle, we must make a hole that penetrates the plastic piece that moves above and under the

handle, and also the handle. Through this hole we will pass any elongated piece that blocks the movement of

folding (a pencil, a brush, etc.) Once blocked the umbrella, we will cut the handle with the manual saw.

Remember to keep the handle, since therefore the cooker will be able to be folded. In order that the two parts

could fit together again when we fold the cooker, we will double, with the aid of pliers, the sides of the handle.

We almost have the cooker ready. It only lacks making the holes for the tripod. In order to do them, first we should

mark with the labeler the points where the tripod will stand, and later we can make the holes with the scissors. If

we were mistaken there is no problem, because we can extend the holes without damaging the structure of the

cooker.

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