Engineering of Functional Skeletal Tissues [Topics in Bone Biology] - F. Bronner, et al., (Springer, 2007) WW.pdf - książki - Bio Med 10 - bibiariel

Engineering of Functional Skeletal Tissues

Felix Bronner, Mary C. Farach-Carson and

Antonios G. Mikos (Eds)

Engineering of

Functional

Skeletal

Tissues

Volu me

in the Series

Topics in Bone Biology

Series Editors:

Felix Bronner and Mary C. Farach-Carson

Felix Bronner, PhD

Professor Emeritus

University of Connecticut Health Center

Farmington, CT, USA

Mary C. Farach-Carson, PhD

Professor of Biological Sciences

Department of Biological Sciences

University of Delaware

Newark, DE, USA

Antonios G. Mikos, PhD

Professor of Bioengineering

Department of Bioengineering

Rice University

Houston, TX, USA

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Control Number:

20069222753

ISBN-

85233

962

e ISBN

84628

366

Printed on acid-free paper

ISBN-

978

85233

962

2007

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the

, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form

or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in

accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction

outside those terms should be sent to the publishers.

1988

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speciﬁ c state-

ment, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof con-

tained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharma-

ceutical literature.

987654321

Springer Science

Business Media

springer.com

Preface

The science of bone replacement has greatly advanced in recent decades,

but replacing bone with bone tissue rather than with metallic components

remains in early development. The current volume, third in the series

Topics in Bone Biology , deals with problems inherent in inducing the body

cells to accomplish bone tissue repair, to degrade devices introduced to

provide initial mechanical support, and to attract and stimulate bone for-

mation. It is therefore logical that Chapter

, by Hicok and Hedrick, deals

with stem cells, i.e., pluripotential cells that may differentiate into cartilage

and bone cells. The chapter begins with a description of how stem cells may

be harvested; the limitations of autologous, embryonic, and adult stem

cells; and the need to expand the harvested cells in culture. The authors

then discuss the inﬂ uences of the body environment on implanted cells and

on the scaffolds that need to be introduced. They emphasize the need for

adequate oxygenation and for rapid integration with the vascular system of

the host/patient. Stem-cell-engineered cartilage is discussed at some length,

along with the need for stem-cell-engineered ligaments and tendons. The

chapter concludes with an analysis of what needs to be learned to make

stem-cell-engineered bone tissue a reality.

In Chapter

, Gerstenfeld and colleagues review osteogenic growth factors

and cytokines, soluble proteins that regulate postnatal bone repair. These

molecules are of importance because many are targets of efforts to promote

therapeutic bone healing and repair. Molecules discussed are the tumor

necrosis factor

) family of cytokines and their role in bone remod-

eling, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their role in signaling,

and angiogenic factors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor

(VEGF) and angiopoietin families, with detailed discussion of the role of

angiopoietins in bone development and tissue healing. The authors then

discuss parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related

peptide (PTHrP): the differences between their paracrine and endocrine

effects, their signal transduction and nuclear effects, and their effects on

endochondral development and bone repair. A concluding section deals

with bone healing and the roles played by skeletal stem cells, cytokines,

and morphogenetic signals. This chapter, like all the others in this volume,

has an extensive reference list.

Transplantation of bone allografts is a common orthopedic practice,

but unless great care is taken, the allograft may give rise to infection

and its sequelae in the host/patient. Tuan and colleagues Moucha, Renard,

Gandhi, and Lin, in Chapter

(TNF-

, discuss the harvesting and processing of

musculoskeletal grafts and the conditions that must be met for the graft

to be safe, i.e., not to cause inﬂ ammation, disease, or other harm to the

host. This means that the medical and social history of the donor must

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