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Children's Portrait Photography Handbook
Children’s Portrait
PHOTOGRAPHY HANDBOOK
Amherst Media
®
PUBLISHER OF PHOTOGRAPHY BOOKS
BILL HURTER
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Bill Hurter started out in photography in 1972 in Washington, DC, where he was a news photographer. He even cov-
ered the political scene—including the Watergate hearings. After graduating with a BA in literature from American
University in 1972, he completed training at the Brooks Institute of Photography in 1975. Going on to work at
Pe-
tersen’s PhotoGraphic
magazine, he held practically every job except art director. He has been the owner of his own
creative agency, shot stock, and worked assignments (including a year or so with the L.A. Dodgers). He has been di-
rectly involved in photography for the last thirty years and has seen the revolution in technology. In 1988, Bill was
awarded an honorary Masters of Science degree from the Brooks Institute. He has written more than a dozen instruc-
tional books for professional photographers and is currently the editor of
Rangefinder
magazine.
Copyright © 2007 by Bill Hurter.
All rights reserved.
Front cover photograph by Stacy Bratton.
Back cover photographs by Jeff Hawkins Photography (top) and Kersti Malvre (bottom).
Published by:
Amherst Media, Inc.
P.O. Box 586
Buffalo, N.Y. 14226
Fax: 716-874-4508
www.AmherstMedia.com
Publisher: Craig Alesse
Senior Editor/Production Manager: Michelle Perkins
Assistant Editor: Barbara A. Lynch-Johnt
ISBN-13: 978-1-58428-208-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006937281
Printed in Korea.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani-
cal, photocopied, recorded or otherwise, without prior written consent from the publisher.
Notice of Disclaimer: The information contained in this book is based on the author’s experience and opinions. The au-
thor and publisher will not be held liable for the use or misuse of the information in this book.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
The Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
The Rewards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Reflectance Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Incident Light Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Incident Flashmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Spotmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
1. CAMERA TECHNIQUE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
The Normal Lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
The Short Telephoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Longer Telephotos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Focusing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Focal Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Autofocus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Image Stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Depth of Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Shooting Aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Optimum Aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Shutter Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Outdoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Handholding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Moving Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
With Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
2. DIGITAL CONSIDERATIONS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
LCD Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Battery Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Camera Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
ISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Black & White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
White Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Color Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Latitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Evaluating Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3
4. OUTDOOR AND NATURAL LIGHTING
. . . . . .36
Common Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Direct Sunlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Backlighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Cross Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Softening with Scrims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Flash-Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Overhead Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Blocking Overhead Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Filling Overhead Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Twilight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Window Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Window Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Falloff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Time of Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Backlighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Diffusing Window Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Fill Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
JPEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
RAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Reformat Your Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
5. POSING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Facial Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
3. STUDIO LIGHTING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Three Dimensions and Roundness . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Quality of Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Size of the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Distance to Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Diffused
vs.
Undiffused Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Light Positions and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Main Light and Fill Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Hair Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Background Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Kicker Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Lighting Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Broad
vs.
Short Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
The Basic Lighting Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Catchlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Lighting Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Calculating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Ratios for Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Some Favorite Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Large Softboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Softbox and Silver Reflector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Fran Reisner’s Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
4
CHILDREN
’
S PORTRAIT PHOTOGRAPHY HANDBOOK
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