White - Forest Genetics (CABI, 2007).pdf

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FOREST GENETICS
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DEDICATIONS
To the people who have inspired and sustained me throughout my life: Mom, Dad, Mary,
Dorothy, Suzie and Antonio. TW
To Cathy, Christine, Michael, Patrick, Neal, Kenda, Halli, Jethro, Ashley, Lily and Clark.
TA
To my parents, Ken and Jane, who introduced me to the forests and trees of America. DN
About the Cover
This natural stand ofPinus tecunumanii is located in Las Piedrecitas, Chiapas, Mexico.
This species occurs in a series of small disjunct populations from southern Mexico to cen-
tral Nicaragua and was named for the famous Mayan chief "Tecun Uman." Pinus tecunu-
manii is a cornerstone species in many forested ecosystems in Mesoamerica and is also
established commercially in plantations outside of its natural range. The person climbing
the tree is collecting seed as part of the ex situ gene conservation efforts for this species.
(Photo courtesy of Dr. Bill Dvorak, Camcore, NCSU, Raleigh, NC, USA. Cover design by
farm, Portland, Oregon).
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FOREST GENETICS
TIMOTHY L. WHITE, Professor and Director, School of
Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida
W. THOMAS ADAMS, Professor and Head, Department
of Forest Science, Oregon State University
DAVID B. NEALE, Professor, Department of Plant Sciences,
University of California, Davis
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CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International
CAB International
875 Massachusetts Avenue
Wallingford
7th Floor
Oxfordshire OX10 8DE
Cambridge, MA 02139
UK
USA
Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111
Tel: +1 617 395 4056
Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508
E-mail: cabi-nao@cabi.org
©CAB International 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro-
duced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, re-
cording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington,
DC.
ISBN
9780851990835
The paper used for the text pages in this book is FSC certified. The FSC (Forest Steward-
ship Council) is an international network to promote responsible management of the
world's forests.
Printed and bound in the UK from copy supplied by the editors by Cromwell Press,
Trowbridge.
CABI Publishing
CABI Publishing
E-mail: cabi@cabi.org
Fax: +1 617 354 6875
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CONTENTS IN BRIEF
Chapter 1: Forest Genetics - Concepts, Scope, History and Importance
1
SECTION I: BASIC PRINCIPLES
Chapter 2: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Genome Organization, Gene
Structure and Regulation
15
Chapter 3: Transmission Genetics - Chromosomes, Recombination and Linkage
35
Chapter 4: Genetic Markers - Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular
Markers
53
Chapter 5: Population Genetics - Gene Frequencies, Inbreeding and Forces
of Evolution
75
Chapter 6: Quantitative Genetics - Polygenic Traits, Heritabilities and
Genetic Correlations
113
SECTIONII: GENETIC VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS
Chapter 7: Within-population Variation - Genetic Diversity, Mating Systems
and Stand Structure
149
Chapter 8: Geographic Variation - Races, Clines andEcotypes
187
Chapter 9: Evolutionary Genetics - Divergence, Speciation and Hybridization
231
Chapter 10: Gene Conservation - In Situ, Ex Situ and Sampling Strategies
259
SECTION III: TREE IMPROVEMENT
Chapter 11: Tree Improvement Programs - Structure, Concepts and Importance
285
Chapter 12: Base Populations - Species, Hybrids, Seed Sources and
Breeding Zones
303
Chapter 13: Phenotypic Mass Selection - Genetic Gain, Choice of Traits and
Indirect Response
329
Chapter 14: Genetic Testing - Mating Designs, Field Designs and Test
Implementation
357
Chapter 15: Data Analysis - Mixed Models, Variance Components and
Breeding Values
395
Chapter 16: Deployment - Open-pollinated Varieties, Full-sib Families
and Clones
439
Chapter 17: Advanced-generation Breeding Strategies - Breeding Population
Size, Structure and Management
479
SECTION IV: BIOTECHNOLOGY
Chapter 18: Genomics - Discovery and Functional Analysis of Genes
523
Chapter 19: Marker-assisted Selection and Breeding - Indirect Selection, Direct
Selection and Breeding Applications
553
Chapter 20: Genetic Engineering - Target Traits, Transformation and
Regeneration
573
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