Oracle8i - The complete reference.pdf - Oracle - dragon8227

Oracle8 i :

The Complete

Reference

Kevin Loney

George Koch

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Oracle8i: The Complete Reference

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To my parents, and to Sue, Emily, and Rachel

—K.L.

To Elwood Brant, Jr. (Woody), 1949-1990

—G.K.

About the Authors

Kevin Loney, a veteran Oracle developer and DBA, is the author of the

best-selling Oracle8i DBA Handbookand coauthor of Oracle8 Advanced Tuning

and Administrationand Oracle SQL & PL/SQL Annotated Archives. An independent

consultant, he frequently makes presentations at Oracle conferences and contributes

to ORACLE Magazine. He can be found online at http://www.kevinloney.com, and

is the editor for the database-related search engine at http://www.lonyx.com.

George Koch is a leading authority on relational database applications. A

popular speaker and widely published author, he is also the creator of THESIS, the

securities trading, accounting, and portfolio management system that was the first

major commercial applications product in the world to employ a relational database

(Oracle) and provide English language querying to its users. He is a former senior

vice president of Oracle Corporation.

Contents at a Glance

PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART I

Critical Database Concepts

1 Sharing Knowledge and Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 The Dangers in a Relational Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 The Basic Parts of Speech in SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 The Basics of Object-Relational Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 Introduction to Web-Enabled Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART II

SQL and SQL*PLUS

6 Basic SQLPLUS Reports and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

7 Getting Text Information and Changing It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

8 Playing the Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

9 Dates: Then, Now, and the Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

10 Conversion and Transformation Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

11 Grouping Things Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

12 When One Query Depends upon Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

13 Some Complex Possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

14 Building a Report in SQLPLUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

15 Changing Data: insert, update, and delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

16 Advanced Use of Functions and Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

17 DECODE: Amazing Power in a Single Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

18 Creating, Dropping, and Altering Tables and Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

19 By What Authority? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

20 Changing the Oracle Surroundings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

21 Using SQL*Loader to Load Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

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